Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation effect on 17α-ethinylestradiol photodegradation

Highlights

● EE2 photodegradation behavior in the presence of four WWTPs’ DOM was explored.

● The ³DOM* played a major role in the EE2 photodegradation mediated by WWTPs’ DOM.

● The A²/O process DOM contained more aromatic and oxygen-containing substances.

● Possible photosensitivity sources of DOM in the A²/O process were proposed.

Abstract

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from each treatment process of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contains abundant photosensitive substances, which could significantly affect the photodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Nevertheless, information about EE2 photodegradation behavior mediated by DOM from diverse WWTPs and the photosensitivity sources of such DOM are inadequate. This study explored the photodegradation behavior of EE2 mediated by four typical WWTPs’ DOM solutions and investigated the photosensitivity sources of DOM in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A²/O) process. The parallel factor analysis identified three varying fluorescing components of these DOM, tryptophan-like substances or protein-like substances, microbial humus-like substances, and humic-like components. The photodegradation rate constants of EE2 were positively associated with the humification degree of DOM (P < 0.05). The triplet state substances were responsible for the degradation of EE2. DOM extracted from the A²/O process, especially in the secondary treatment process had the fastest EE2 photodegradation rate compared to that of the other three processes. Four types of components (water-soluble organic matter (WSOM), extracellular polymeric substance, humic acid, and fulvic acid) were separated from the A²/O process DOM. WSOM had the highest promotion effect on EE2 photodegradation. Fulvic acid-like components and humic acid-like organic compounds in WSOM were speculated to be important photosensitivity substances that can generate triplet state substances. This research explored the physicochemical properties and photosensitive sources of DOM in WWTPs, and explained the fate of estrogens photodegradation in natural waters.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Photosensitivity sources / 17α-ethinylestradiol / Photodegradation / Dissolved organic matter / Wastewater treatment plants

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21866017 and 42067056), the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (China) (202101BE070001-013 and 202201AU070157) and the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents of Yunnan Province (China) (202101AV070006).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1669-1 and is accessible for authorized users.

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