Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions: a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer test case at typical road environment

Highlights

● A single particle observation was conducted in a high traffic flow road environment.

● Major particle types were vehicle exhausts, coal burning, and biomass burning.

● Contribution of non-exhaust emissions was calculated via PMF.

● Proportion of non-exhaust emissions can reach 10.1 % at road environment.

Abstract

A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to accurately quantify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions to particulate matter at typical road environment. The PM_2.5, black carbon, meteorological parameters and traffic flow were recorded during the test period. The daily trend for traffic flow and speed on TEDA Street showed obvious “M” and “W” characteristics. 6.3 million particles were captured via the SPAMS, including 1.3 million particles with positive and negative spectral map information. Heavy Metal, High molecular Organic Carbon, Organic Carbon, Mixed Carbon, Elemental Carbon, Rich Potassium, Levo-rotation Glucose, Rich Na, SiO₃ and other categories were analyzed. The particle number concentration measured by SPAMS showed a good linear correlation with the mass concentrations of PM_2.5 and BC, which indicates that the particulate matter captured by the SPAMS reflects the pollution level of fine particulate matter. EC, ECOC, OC, HM and crustal dust components were found to show high values from 7:00–9:00 AM, showing that these chemical components are directly or indirectly related to vehicle emissions. Based on the PMF model, 7 major factors are resolved. The relative contributions of each factor were determined: vehicle exhaust emission (44.8 %), coal-fired source (14.5 %), biomass combustion (12.2 %), crustal dust (9.4 %), ship emission (9.0 %), tires wear (6.6 %) and brake pads wear (3.5 %). The results show that the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust to particulate matter at roadside environment is approximately 10.1 %. Vehicle non-exhaust emissions are the focus of future research in the vehicle pollutant emission control field.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Non-exhaust emissions / SPAMS / PMF / Roadside environment

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42107114 and 42177084), the Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project (No. 20YFZCSN01000), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 63221411).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1662-8 and is accessible for authorized users.

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