Homogeneous and heterogeneous photolysis of nitrate in the atmosphere: state of the science, current research needs, and future prospects

Highlights

● Recent advances in the photolysis of nitrate/HNO₃ are reviewed.

● Mechanisms and key factors affecting the photolysis of nitrate/HNO₃ are summarized.

● Atmospheric implications and future research recommendations are provided.

Abstract

Nitrate is an important component of atmospheric particulate matter and affects air quality, climate, human health, and the ecosystem. Nitrate was previously considered a permanent sink for nitrogen oxides (NO_x). However, this viewpoint has been challenged in recent years because growing research evidence has shown the transformation of nitrate into NO_x (i.e., renoxification). The photolysis of nitrate/HNO₃, especially in the particulate phase or adsorbed on particles, can be a significant renoxification process in the atmosphere. The formation and photolysis of nitrate in aerosol not only change the diurnal variation of NO_x, but also provide long-distance transport of NO_x in the form of nitrate, which affects local and regional atmospheric chemistry and air quality. This review summarizes recent advances in the fundamental understanding of the photolysis of nitrate/HNO₃ under various atmospheric conditions, with a focus on mechanisms and key factors affecting the process. The atmospheric implications are discussed and future research is recommended.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Nitrate / Photolysis / Renoxification / Aerosol

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22188102 and 21922610). The authors appreciate the Ozone Formation Mechanism and Control Strategies Project of the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CAS (China) (No. RCEES-CYZX-2020), the Cultivating Project of Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) (No. XDPB1901), and the Young Talent Project of the Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, CAS (China) (No. CERAE201801).

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