Recent advances in special morphologic photocatalysts for NO_x removal

Abstract

● Systematic information of recent progress in photocatalytic NO _x removal is provided.

● The photocatalysts with special morphologies are reviewed and discussed.

● The morphology and photocatalytic NO _x removal performance is related.

The significant increase of NO_x concentration causes severe damages to environment and human health. Light-driven photocatalytic technique affords an ideal solution for the removal of NO_x at ambient conditions. To enhance the performance of NO_x removal, 1D, 2D and 3D photocatalysts have been constructed as the light absorption and the separation of charge carriers can be manipulated through controlling the morphology of the photocatalyst. Related works mainly focused on the construction and modification of special morphologic photocatalyst, including element doping, heterostructure constructing, crystal facet exposing, defect sites introducing and so on. Moreover, the excellent performance of the photocatalytic NO_x removal creates great awareness of the application, which has promising practical applications in NO_x removal by paint (removing NO_x indoor and outdoor) and pavement (degrading vehicle exhausts). For these considerations, recent advances in special morphologic photocatalysts for NO_x removal was summarized and commented in this review. The purpose is to provide insights into understanding the relationship between morphology and photocatalytic performance, meanwhile, to promote the application of photocatalytic technology in NO_x degradation.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

NO _x removal / Photocatalyst / Graphene / C ₃N ₄ / Bi-based compounds.

References

[1] Ai Z H, Lee S. (2013). Morphology-dependent photocatalytic removal of NO by hierarchical BiVO₄ microboats and microspheres under visible light. Applied Surface Science, 280 : 354–359

[2] Chang F, Yang C, Wang J Y, Lei B, Li S J, Kim H. (2021). Enhanced photocatalytic conversion of NO_x with satisfactory selectivity of 3D-2D Bi₄O₅Br₂-GO hierarchical structures via a facile microwave-assisted preparation. Separation and Purification Technology, 266 : 118237

[3] Chang L, Zhu G, Hassan Q U, Cao B, Li S, Jia Y, Gao J, Zhang F, Wang Q. (2019). Synergetic effects of Pd⁰ metal nanoparticles and Pd²⁺ ions on enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnWO₄ nanorods for nitric oxide removal. Langmuir, 35( 35): 11265–11274

[4] Chen M J, Li X W, Huang Y, Yao J, Li Y, Lee S C, Ho W K, Huang T T, Chen K H. (2020). Synthesis and characterization of Bi-BiPO₄ nanocomposites as plasmonic photocatalysts for oxidative NO removal. Applied Surface Science, 513 : 145775

[5] Chen X L, Zhang H Q, Zhang D Q, Miao Y C, Li G S. (2018). Controllable synthesis of mesoporous multi-shelled ZnO microspheres as efficient photocatalysts for NO oxidation. Applied Surface Science, 435 : 468–475

[6] Dai W, Tao Y, Zou H, Xiao S, Li G, Zhang D, Li H. (2020). Gas-phase photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of NO via TiO₂ nanorod array/FTO photoanodes. Environmental Science & Technology, 54( 9): 5902–5912

[7] Ding X, Ho W K, Shang J, Zhang L Z. (2016). Self doping promoted photocatalytic removal of no under visible light with Bi₂MoO₆: Indispensable role of superoxide ions. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 182 : 316–325

[8] Dong F, Zhao Z, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Yan S, Wu Z. (2015). An advanced semimetal-organic Bi spheres-g-C₃N₄ nanohybrid with SPR-enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance for NO purification. Environmental Science & Technology, 49( 20): 12432–12440

[9] Duan Y, Wang Y, Gan L, Meng J, Feng Y, Wang K, Zhou K, Wang C, Han X, Zhou X. (2021). Amorphous carbon nitride with three coordinate nitrogen (N₃C) vacancies for exceptional NO_x abatement in visible light. Advanced Energy Materials, 11( 19): 2004001

[10] Duan Y Y, Li X F, Lv K L, Zhao L, Liu Y. (2019). Flower-like g-C₃N₄ assembly from holy nanosheets with nitrogen vacancies for efficient NO abatement. Applied Surface Science, 492 : 166–176

[11] Feng X, Li X W, Cui W, Dong F, Zhang T R. (2018). An ion-exchange strategy for I-doped BiOCOOH nanoplates with enhanced visible light photocatalytic NO_x removal. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 90( 2): 353–361

[12] Feng Z J, Lian D R, Wu X, Liu Y, Jia W, Yuan X Y. (2020). The synergy of N-doped and SPR-promoted photocatalytic removal of NO with graphene/Bi nanocomposites. RSC Advances, 10( 5): 2734–2739

[13] Geng Q, Xie H T, Cui W, Sheng J P, Tong X, Sun Y J, Li J Y, Wang Z M, Dong F. (2021a). Optimizing the electronic structure of BiOBr Nanosheets via Combined Ba doping and oxygen vacancies for promoted photocatalysis. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 125( 16): 8597–8605

[14] Geng Y, Chen D, Li N, Xu Q, Li H, He J, Lu J. (2021b). Z-Scheme 2D/2D α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction for photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 280 : 119409

[15] Gu Z Y, Cui Z T, Wang Z J, Qin K S, Asakura Y, Hasegawa T, Tsukuda S, Hongo K, Maezono R, Yin S. (2020). Carbon vacancies and hydroxyls in graphitic carbon nitride: Promoted photocatalytic NO removal activity and mechanism. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 279 : 119376

[16] Habran M, Krambrock K, Maia da Costa M E H, Morgado E Jr, Marinkovic B A. (2018). TiO₂ anatase nanorods with non-equilibrium crystallographic {001} facets and their coatings exhibiting high photo-oxidation of NO gas. Environmental Technology, 39( 2): 231–239

[17] Han D Y, Liu J, Cai H, Zhou X, Kong L R, Wang J W, Shi H F, Guo Q, Fan X X. (2019). High-yield and low-cost method to synthesize large-area porous g-C₃N₄ nanosheets with improved photocatalytic activity for gaseous nitric oxide and 2-propanol photodegradation. Applied Surface Science, 464 : 577–585

[18] Hao J, Tian H, Lu Y. (2002). Emission inventories of NO_x from commercial energy consumption in China, 1995-1998. Environmental Science & Technology, 36( 4): 552–560

[19] Hermawan A, Hasegawa T, Asakura Y, Yin S. (2021). Enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic NO_x degradation over (Ti, C)-BiOBr/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanocomposites: Role of Ti and C doping. Separation and Purification Technology, 270 : 118815

[20] Hoang T V T, Minh T C, Van V P. (2020). Enhancing photocatalysis of NO gas degradation over g-C₃N₄ modified α-Bi₂O₃ microrods composites under visible light. Materials Letters, 281 : 128637

[21] Hojamberdiev M, Zhu G, Lu H, Kumar M, Wang M, Gao J. (2018). MoS₂ quantum dots-modified porous β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres with enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity for Bisphenol A degradation and NO removal. Journal of Materials Science, 30( 3): 2610–2621

[22] Hossain S M, Park H, Kang H J, Mun J S, Tijing L, Rhee I, Kim J H, Jun Y S, Shon H K. (2020). Modified hydrothermal route for synthesis of photoactive anatase TiO₂/g-CN nanotubes from sludge generated TiO₂. Catalysts, 10( 11): 1350

[23] Hu J, Chen D, Mo Z, Li N, Xu Q, Li H, He J, Xu H, Lu J. (2019). Z-scheme 2D/2D heterojunction of black phosphorus/monolayer Bi₂ WO₆ nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic activities. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 58( 7): 2073–2077

[24] Hu J D, Chen D Y, Li N J, Xu Q F, Li H, He J H, Lu J M. (2017). In situ fabrication of Bi₂O₂CO₃/MoS₂ on carbon nanofibers for efficient photocatalytic removal of NO under visible-light irradiation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 217 : 224–231

[25] Hu J D, Chen D Y, Li N J, Xu Q F, Li H, He J H, Lu J M. (2018). Fabrication of graphitic-C₃N₄ quantum dots/graphene-InVO₄ aerogel hybrids with enhanced photocatalytic NO removal under visible-light irradiation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 236 : 45–52

[26] Huang L, Hou D F, Gan S L, Qiao X Q, Li D S. (2021). Multifunctional mulberry-like BiVO₄-Bi₂O₃ p-n heterostructures with enhanced both photocatalytic reduction and oxidation activities. ChemCatChem, 13( 14): 3357–3367

[27] Huang Y, Zhu D D, Zhang Q, Zhang Y F, Cao J J, Shen Z X, Ho W K, Lee S C. (2018). Synthesis of a Bi₂O₂CO₃/ZnFe₂O₄ heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity for visible light irradiation-induced NO removal. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 234 : 70–78

[28] Huo W, Xu W, Cao T, Guo Z, Liu X, Ge G, Li N, Lan T, Yao H C, Zhang Y, Dong F. (2019). Carbonate doped Bi₂MoO₆ hierarchical nanostructure with enhanced transformation of active radicals for efficient photocatalytic removal of NO. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 557 : 816–824

[29] Huy T H, Bui D P, Kang F, Wang Y F, Liu S H, Thi C M, You S J, Chang G M, Pham V V. (2019). SnO₂/TiO₂ nanotube heterojunction: The first investigation of NO degradation by visible light-driven photocatalysis. Chemosphere, 215 : 323–332

[30] Jia Y, Li S, Gao J, Zhu G, Zhang F, Shi X, Huang Y, Liu C. (2019). Highly efficient (BiO)₂CO₃-BiO_2-x-graphene photocatalysts: Z-Scheme photocatalytic mechanism for their enhanced photocatalytic removal of NO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 240 : 241–252

[31] Kowsari E, Abdpour S. (2017). In-situ functionalization of mesoporous hexagonal ZnO synthesized in task specific ionic liquid as a photocatalyst for elimination of SO₂, NO_x, and CO. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 256 : 141–150

[32] Kowsari E, Bazri B. (2014). Synthesis of rose-like ZnO hierarchical nanostructures in the presence of ionic liquid/Mg²⁺ for air purification and their shape-dependent photodegradation of SO₂, NO_x, and CO. Applied Catalysis A-General, 475 : 325–334

[33] Kusiak-Nejman E, Czyżewski A, Wanag A, Dubicki M, Sadłowski M, Wróbel R J, Morawski A W. (2020). Photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide over AgNPs/TiO₂-loaded carbon fiber cloths. Journal of Environmental Management, 262 : 110343

[34] LeeJ CGopalan A ISaianandGLeeK PKimW J (2020). Manganese and graphene included titanium dioxide composite nanowires: Fabrication, characterization and enhanced photocatalytic activities. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 10(3): 456

[35] Li G, Zhang D, Yu J C, Leung M K. (2010). An efficient bismuth tungstate visible-light-driven photocatalyst for breaking down nitric oxide. Environmental Science & Technology, 44( 11): 4276–4281

[36] Li J Y, Chen R M, Cen W L, Yan P, Li K L, Wang P, Shu S, Chu Y H, Dong F. (2019a). Quantifying the activation energies of ROS-induced NO_x conversion: Suppressed toxic intermediates generation and clarified reaction mechanism. Chemical Engineering Journal, 375 : 122026

[37] Li K, He Y, Chen P, Wang H, Sheng J, Cui W, Leng G, Chu Y, Wang Z, Dong F. (2020a). Theoretical design and experimental investigation on highly selective Pd particles decorated C₃N₄ for safe photocatalytic NO purification. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 392 : 122357

[38] Li R, Feng J Q, Zhang X C, Xie F X, Liu J X, Zhang C M, Wang Y W, Yue X P, Fan C M. (2020b). In situ reorganization of Bi₃O₄Br nanosheet on the Bi₂₄O₃Br₁₀ ribbon structure for superior visible-light photocatalytic capability. Separation and Purification Technology, 247 : 117007

[39] Li R, Ou X, Zhang L, Qi Z, Wu X, Lu C, Fan J, Lv K. (2021). Photocatalytic oxidation of NO on reduction type semiconductor photocatalysts: Effect of metallic Bi on CdS nanorods. Chemical Communications, 57( 78): 10067–10070

[40] Li R, Xie F, Liu J, Zhang C, Zhang X, Fan C. (2019b). Room-temperature hydrolysis fabrication of BiOBr/Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂ Z-Scheme photocatalyst with enhanced resorcinol degradation and NO removal activity. Chemosphere, 235 : 767–775

[41] Li R M, Dong G J, Chen G M. (2015). Synthesis, characterization and performance of ternary doped Cu-Ce-B/TiO₂ nanotubes on the photocatalytic removal of nitrogen oxides. New Journal of Chemistry, 39( 9): 6854–6863

[42] Li X W, Zhang W D, Cui W, Li J Y, Sun Y J, Jiang G M, Huang H W, Zhang Y X, Dong F. (2019c). Reactant activation and photocatalysis mechanisms on Bi-metal@Bi₂GeO₅ with oxygen vacancies: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 370 : 1366–1375

[43] Li X W, Zhang W D, Li J Y, Jiang G M, Zhou Y, Lee S, Dong F. (2019d). Transformation pathway and toxic intermediates inhibition of photocatalytic NO removal on designed Bi metal@defective Bi₂O₂SiO₃. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 241 : 187–195

[44] Li Y H, Lv K L, Ho W K, Zhao Z W, Huang Y. (2017). Enhanced visible-light photo-oxidation of nitric oxide using bismuth-coupled graphitic carbon nitride composite heterostructures. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 38( 2): 321–329

[45] Lin B, Chen S, Dong F, Yang G. (2017). A ball-in-ball g-C₃N₄@SiO₂ nano-photoreactor for highly efficient H₂ generation and NO removal. Nanoscale, 9( 16): 5273–5279

[46] Liu G Y, Xia H Y, Niu Y H, Zhao X, Zhang G T, Song L F, Chen H X. (2021). Fabrication of self-cleaning photocatalytic durable building coating based on WO₃-TNs/PDMS and NO degradation performance. Chemical Engineering Journal, 409 : 128187

[47] Liu Y, Yu S, Zheng K W, Chen W W, Dong X A, Dong F, Zhou Y. (2019). NO photo-oxidation and in-situ DRIFTS studies on N-doped Bi₂O₂CO₃/CdSe quantum dot composite. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 34( 4): 425–432

[48] Liu Y, Zhou Y, Yu S, Xie Z H, Chen Y, Zheng K W, Mossin S, Lin W H, Meng J, Pullerits T, Zheng K B. (2020a). Defect state assisted Z-scheme charge recombination in Bi₂O₂CO₃/graphene quantum dot composites for photocatalytic oxidation of NO. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 3( 1): 772–781

[49] Liu Y Q, Zhou Y, Tang Q J, Li Q, Chen S, Sun Z X, Wang H Q. (2020b). A direct Z-scheme Bi₂WO₆/NH₂-UiO-66 nanocomposite as an efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst for NO removal. RSC Advances, 10( 3): 1757–1768

[50] Lu X, Zhu G Q, Zhang R X, Li S P, Pan L K, Nie J L, Rao F. (2019a). I-doped Bi₂WO₆ microflowers enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity for organic pollution degradation and NO removal. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics, 30( 19): 17787–17797

[51] Lu Y F, Chen M J, Huang T T, Huang Y, Cao J J, Li H W, Ho K, Lee S C. (2021). Oxygen vacancy-dependent photocatalytic activity of well-defined Bi₂Sn₂O_7−x hollow nanocubes for NO_x removal. Environmental Science. Nano, 8( 7): 1927–1933

[52] Lu Y F, Huang Y, Zhang Y F, Huang T T, Li H W, Cao J J, Ho W K. (2019b). Effects of H₂O₂ generation over visible light-responsive Bi/Bi₂O_2−xCO₃ nanosheets on their photocatalytic NO_x removal performance. Chemical Engineering Journal, 363 : 374–382

[53] Montoya-Zamora J M, Martinez-De La Cruz A, Lopez-Cuellar E, Pérez González F A. (2020). BiOBr photocatalyst with high activity for NO_x elimination. Advanced Powder Technology, 31( 8): 3618–3627

[54] Martin M, Leonid S, Tomáš R, Jan Š, Jaroslav K, Mariana K, Michaela J, František P, Gustav P. (2017). Anatase TiO₂ nanotube arrays and titania films on titanium mesh for photocatalytic NO_x removal and water cleaning. Catalysis Today, 287 : 59–64

[55] NehdiAFrini-Srasra NdeMiguel GPavlovicISánchez LFragosoJ(2022). Use of LDH- chromate adsorption co-product as an air purification photocatalyst. Chemosphere, 286(Pt 2): 131812

[56] Nikokavoura A, Trapalis C. (2018). Graphene and g-C₃N₄ based photocatalysts for NO_x removal: A review. Applied Surface Science, 430 : 18–52

[57] Ou M, Nie H, Zhong Q, Zhang S, Zhong L. (2015). Controllable synthesis of 3D BiVO₄ superstructures with visible-light-induced photocatalytic oxidation of NO in the gas phase and mechanistic analysis. Physical chemistry chemical physics: PCCP, 17( 43): 28809–28817

[58] Ou M, Wan S P, Zhong Q, Zhang S L, Song Y, Guo L N, Cai W, Xu Y L. (2018). Hierarchical Z-scheme photocatalyst of g-C₃N₄@Ag/BiVO₄ (040) with enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic oxidation performance. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 221 : 97–107

[59] Ou Y, Zhu G, Rao F, Gao J, Chang J, Xie X, Zhang W, Huang Y, Hojamberdiev M. (2021). Coral-shaped TiO_2−δ decorated with carbon quantum dots and carbon nanotubes for NO removal. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 4( 7): 7330–7342

[60] Pham M T, Hussain A, Bui D P, Nguyen T M T, You S J, Wang Y F. (2021a). Surface plasmon resonance enhanced photocatalysis of Ag nanoparticles-decorated Bi₂S₃ nanorods for NO degradation. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 23 : 101755

[61] Pham M T, Tran H H, Nguyen T M T, Bui D P, Huang Y, Cao J, You S J, Van Viet P, Nam V H, Wang Y F. (2021b). Revealing DeNO_x and DeVOC reactions via the study of the surface and bandstructure of ZnSn(OH)₆ photocatalysts. Acta Materialia, 215 : 117068

[62] Pichat P, Herrmann J M, Courbon H, Disdier J, Mozzanega M N. (1982). Photocatalytic oxidation of various compounds over TiO₂ and other semiconductor oxides; Mechanistic considerations. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 60( 1): 27–32

[63] RaoFZhuG WangMZubairu S MPengJGaoJHojamberdiev M(2020). Constructing the Pd/PdO/β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic activity for Bisphenol A degradation and NO removal. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 95(3): 862−874

[64] Rao F, Zhu G Q, Hojamberdiev M, Zhang W B, Li S P, Gao J Z, Zhang F C, Huang Y H, Huang Y. (2019). Uniform Zn²⁺-doped BiOI microspheres assembled by ultrathin nanosheets with tunable oxygen vacancies for super-stable removal of NO. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 123( 26): 16268–16280

[65] Ren Y Y, Li Y, Wu X Y, Wang J L, Zhang G K. (2021). S-scheme Sb₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic NO oxidation performance. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 42( 1): 69–77

[66] Shen T, Shi X K, Guo J X, Li J, Yuan S D. (2021). Photocatalytic removal of NO by light-driven Mn₃O₄/BiOCl heterojunction photocatalyst: Optimization and mechanism. Chemical Engineering Journal, 408 : 128014

[67] Sofianou M V, Trapalis C, Psycharis V, Boukos N, Vaimakis T, Yu J, Wang W. (2012). Study of TiO₂ anatase nano and microstructures with dominant {001} facets for NO oxidation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 19( 9): 3719–3726

[68] Szatmáry L, Šubrt J, Kalousek V, Mosinger J, Lang K. (2014). Low-temperature deposition of anatase on nanofiber materials for photocatalytic NO_x removal. Catalysis Today, 230 : 74–78

[69] Wang B B, Chen D Y, Li N J, Xu Q F, Li H, He J H, Lu J M. (2021a). Enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide to MOF-derived hollow bimetallic oxide microcubes supported on g-C₃N₄ nanosheets via p-n heterojunction. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 60( 7): 2921–2930

[70] WangMTan GDangMWangYZhangB RenHLvL XiaA (2021b). Dual defects and build-in electric field mediated direct Z-scheme W₁₈O₄₉/g-C₃N_4−x heterojunction for photocatalytic NO removal and organic pollutant degradation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 582(Pt A): 212−226

[71] Wang M, Tan G Q, Ren H J, Xia A, Liu Y. (2019a). Direct double Z-scheme O-g-C₃N₄/Zn₂SnO₄N/ZnO ternary heterojunction photocatalyst with enhanced visible photocatalytic activity. Applied Surface Science, 492 : 690–702

[72] Wang M, Wang B, Xie B, Li N, Xu Q, Li H, He J, Chen D, Lu J. (2022). Ultrathin Two-Dimensional BiOCl with oxygen vacancies anchored in three-dimensional porous g-C₃N₄ to construct a hierarchical Z-scheme heterojunction for the photocatalytic degradation of NO. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 61( 1): 317–329

[73] Wang S Y, Ding X, Yang N, Zhan G M, Zhang X H, Dong G H, Zhang L Z, Chen H. (2020). Insight into the effect of bromine on facet-dependent surface oxygen vacancies construction and stabilization of Bi₂MoO₆ for efficient photocatalytic NO removal. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 265 : 118585

[74] Wang X, Maeda K, Thomas A, Takanabe K, Xin G, Carlsson J M, Domen K, Antonietti M. (2009). A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nature Materials, 8( 1): 76–80

[75] Wang X, Zhu J, Fu X, Xu J, Yu X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu M. (2021c). Boosted visible-light photocatalytic performance of Au/BiOCl/BiOI by high-speed spatial electron transfer channel. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 890 : 161736

[76] Wang Y, Hu X, Song H, Cai Y, Li Z, Zu D, Zhang P, Chong D, Gao N, Shen Y, Li C. (2021d). Oxygen vacancies in actiniae-like Nb₂O₅/Nb₂C MXene heterojunction boosting visible light photocatalytic NO removal. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 299 : 120677

[77] Wang Y N, Zeng Y Q, Zhang S L, Zhong Q. (2019b). Synthesis of 3D hierarchical rose-like Bi₂WO₆ superstructure with enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic performance. JOM, 71( 6): 2112–2119

[78] Wang Z Y, Huang Y, Ho W K, Cao J J, Shen Z X, Lee S C. (2016). Fabrication of Bi₂O₂CO₃/g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for efficiently photocatalytic NO in air removal: In-situ self-sacrificial synthesis, characterizations and mechanistic study. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 199 : 123–133

[79] Wu F, Pu C, Zhang M, Liu B, Yang J. (2021). Silver embedded in defective twin brush-like ZnO for efficient and stable photocatalytic NO removal. Surfaces and Interfaces, 25 : 101298

[80] Xia X, Xie C, Xu B, Ji X, Gao G, Yang P. (2022). Role of B-doping in g-C₃N₄ nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic NO removal and H₂ generation. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 105 : 303–312

[81] Xiao S, Wan Z, Zhou J, Li H, Zhang H, Su C, Chen W, Li G, Zhang D, Li H. (2019). Gas-phase photoelectrocatalysis for breaking down nitric oxide. Environmental Science & Technology, 53( 12): 7145–7154

[82] Xiao S, Zhu W, Liu P, Liu F, Dai W, Zhang D, Chen W, Li H. (2016). CNTs threaded (001) exposed TiO₂ with high activity in photocatalytic NO oxidation. Nanoscale, 8( 5): 2899–2907

[83] Xiao S N, Pan D L, Liang R, Dai W R, Zhang Q T, Zhang G Q, Su C L, Li H X, Chen W. (2018). Bimetal MOF derived mesocrystal ZnCo₂O₄ on rGO with High performance in visible-light photocatalytic NO oxidization. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 236 : 304–313

[84] Xie B, Chen D, Li N, Xu Q, Li H, He J, Lu J. (2022). Fabrication of an FAPbBr₃/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction to enhance NO removal efficiency under visible-light irradiation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 430 : 132968

[85] Xie F X, Li R, Zhang X C, Wang Y W, Fan C M. (2020). In situ growth of BiOCl thin film on Bi plate for photocatalytic application. Materials Letters, 260 : 126937

[86] Xiong M W, Tao Y, Zhao Z S, Zhu Q, Jin X Q, Zhang S Q, Chen M, Li G S. (2021). Porous g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ foam photocatalytic filter for treating NO indoor gas. Environmental Science. Nano, 8( 6): 1571–1579

[87] Yang L, Yu Y, Yang W, Li X, Zhang G, Shen Y, Dong F, Sun Y. (2021a). Efficient visible light photocatalytic NO abatement over SrSn(OH)₆ nanowires loaded with Ag/Ag₂O cocatalyst. Environmental Research, 201 : 111521

[88] Yang X L, Wang S Y, Chen T, Yang N, Jiang K, Wang P, Li S, Ding X, Chen H. (2021b). Chloridion-induced dual tunable fabrication of oxygen-deficient Bi₂WO₆ atomic layers for deep oxidation of NO. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 42( 6): 1013–1023

[89] Yuan C, Chen R, Wang J, Wu H, Sheng J, Dong F, Sun Y. (2020). La-doping induced localized excess electrons on (BiO)₂CO₃ for efficient photocatalytic NO removal and toxic intermediates suppression. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 400 : 123174

[90] Zha R, Niu Y, Liu C, He L, Zhang M. (2021). Oxygen vacancy configuration in confined BiVO₄-Bi₂S₃ heterostructures promotes photocatalytic oxidation of NO. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9( 6): 106586

[91] Zhang D Q, Wen M C, Zhang S S, Liu P J, Zhu W, Li G S, Li H X. (2014). Au nanoparticles enhanced rutile TiO₂ nanorod bundles with high visible-light photocatalytic performance for NO oxidation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 147 : 610–616

[92] Zhang J, Zhu G, Li S, Rao F, Hassan Q U, Gao J, Huang Y, Hojamberdiev M. (2019a). Novel Au/La-Bi₅O₇I microspheres with efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity for NO removal: Synergistic effect of Au nanoparticles, La doping, and oxygen vacancy. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11( 41): 37822–37832

[93] Zhang W, Liang Y. (2019). Facile synthesis of ternary g-C₃N₄@BiOCl/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ composites with excellent visible light photocatalytic activity for NO removal. Frontiers in Chemistry, 7 : 231

[94] Zhang W D, Dong X A, Jia B, Zhong J B, Sun Y J, Dong F. (2018a). 2D BiOCl/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ nanojunction: Enhanced visible light photocatalytic NO removal and in situ DRIFTS investigation. Applied Surface Science, 430 : 571–577

[95] Zhang W D, Dong X A, Liang Y, Liu R, Sun Y J, Dong F. (2019b). Synergetic effect of BiOCl/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ and MoS₂: in situ DRIFTS investigation on photocatalytic NO oxidation pathway. Rare Metals, 38( 5): 437–445

[96] Zhang W D, Dong X G, Liang Y, Sun Y J, Dong F. (2018b). Ag/AgCl nanoparticles assembled on BiOCl/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ nanosheets: Enhanced plasmonic visible light photocatalysis and in situ DRIFTS investigation. Applied Surface Science, 455 : 236–243

[97] Zhang W D, Liu X L, Dong X A, Dong F, Zhang Y X. (2017). Facile synthesis of Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂ and Bi₄O₅Br₂ nanosheets: In situ DRIFTS investigation of photocatalytic NO oxidation conversion pathway. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 38( 12): 2030–2038

[98] Zhao C, Pan X, Wang Z H, Wang C C. (2021). 1+1 > 2: A critical review of MOF/bismuth-based semiconductor composites for boosted photocatalysis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 417 : 128022

[99] Zheng Q, Cao Y H, Huang N J, Zhang R Y, Zhou Y. (2021). Selective exposure of BiOI oxygen-rich {110} facet induced by BN nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation performance. Chinese Journalof Chemical Physics, 37( 8): 2009063

[100] Zhu L, Wu Y, Wu S, Dong F, Xia J, Jiang B. (2021). Tuning the active sites of atomically thin defective Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ via incorporation of subnanometer clusters. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 13( 7): 9216–9223

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press