Bioinspired cellulose-based membranes in oily wastewater treatment

Abstract

• Cellulose-based membrane separates oily wastewater mimicking the living things.

• The three central surface mechanisms were reviewed.

• Preparation, performance, and mechanism are critically evaluated.

• First review of wettability based cellulose membrane as major material.

• The current and future importance of the research are discussed.

It is challenging to purify oily wastewater, which affects water-energy-food production. One promising method is membrane-based separation. This paper reviews the current research trend of applying cellulose as a membrane material that mimics one of three typical biostructures: superhydrophobic, underwater superoleophobic, and Janus surfaces. Nature has provided efficient and effective structures through the evolutionary process. This has inspired many researchers to create technologies that mimic nature’s structures or the fabrication process. Lotus leaves, fish scales, and Namib beetles are three representative structures with distinct functional and surface properties: superhydrophobic, underwater superoleophobic, and Janus surfaces. The characteristics of these structures have been widely studied and applied to membrane materials to improve their performance. One attractive membrane material is cellulose, which has been studied from the perspective of its biodegradability and sustainability. In this review, the principles, mechanisms, fabrication processes, and membrane performances are summarized and compared. The theory of wettability is also described to build a comprehensive understanding of the concept. Finally, future outlook is discussed to challenge the gap between laboratory and industrial applications.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Cellulose / Bioinspired membrane / Superhydrophobic surface / Underwater superoleophobic surface / Oil-water separation

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