Integration of microbial reductive dehalogenation with persulfate activation and oxidation (Bio-RD-PAO) for complete attenuation of organohalides

Highlights

•Bio-RD-PAO can effectively and extensively remove organohalides.

•Bio-RD alone effectively dehalogenate the highly-halogenated organohalides.

•PAO alone is efficient in degrading the lowly-halogenated organohalides.

•The impacts of PAO on organohalide-respiring microbial communities remain elusive.

•Bio-RD-PAO provides a promising solution for remediation of organohalide pollution.

Abstract

Due to the toxicity of bioaccumulative organohalides to human beings and ecosystems, a variety of biotic and abiotic remediation methods have been developed to remove organohalides from contaminated environments. Bioremediation employing organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB)-mediated microbial reductive dehalogenation (Bio-RD) represents a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to attenuate highly-halogenated organohalides, specifically organohalides in soil, sediment and other anoxic environments. Nonetheless, many factors severely restrict the implications of OHRB-based bioremediation, including incomplete dehalogenation, low abundance of OHRB and consequent low dechlorination activity. Recently, the development of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) based on sulfate radicals (SO₄^·−) via the persulfate activation and oxidation (PAO) process has attracted tremendous research interest for the remediation of lowly-halogenated organohalides due to its following advantages, e.g., complete attenuation, high reactivity and no selectivity to organohalides. Therefore, integration of OHRB-mediated Bio-RD and subsequent PAO (Bio-RD-PAO) may provide a promising solution to the remediation of organohalides. In this review, we first provide an overview of current progress in Bio-RD and PAO and compare their limitations and advantages. We then critically discuss the integration of Bio-RD and PAO (Bio-RD-PAO) for complete attenuation of organohalides and its prospects for future remediation applications. Overall, Bio-RD-PAO opens up opportunities for complete attenuation and consequent effective in situ remediation of persistent organohalide pollution.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Bio-RD-PAO / Microbial reductive dehalogenation / Persulfate / Organohalide respiration / Complete attenuation

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41922049 and 41877111), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 19lgzd30) and the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program general project (No. 201804010141).

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