UV-LED/P25-based photocatalysis for effective degradation of isothiazolone biocide

Highlights

• UV-LED with shorter wavelength was beneficial for photocatalytic degradation.

• SRNOM dramatically inhibit the degradation.

• ·OH acts as the active radical in photocatalytic degradation.

• Degradation mainly undergoes oxidation, hydrolysis and chain growth reactions.

Abstract

In this work, LED-based photocatalysis using mixed rutile and anatase phase TiO₂ (P25) as the photocatalyst could effectively remove 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and methylisothiazolone (MIT) simultaneously, with removal efficiencies above 80% within 20 min. The photocatalytic degradation of both CMIT and MIT could be modeled using a pseudo-first-order rate equation. The photocatalytic degradation rates of CMIT and MIT under LED280 illumination were higher than under LED310 or LED360 illumination. At concentrations below 100 mg/L, the degradation rate of CMIT and MIT under LED illumination significantly increased with increasing catalyst dosage. Additionally, the effects of the chloride ion concentration, alkalinity and dissolved organic matter on the photocatalytic degradation reaction were also investigated. The ·OH free radicals were determined to play the primary role in the photocatalytic degradation reaction, with a degradation contribution of >95%. The photocatalytic degradation of CMIT and MIT mainly occurred via oxidation, hydrolysis, and chain growth reactions. Finally, the possible photocatalytic degradation pathways of CMIT and MIT over LED/P25 are proposed.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Degradation / Photocatalytic / LED / CMIT / P25

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment, China (No. 2017ZX07205001), the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (No. JCYJ20160125095838752), and the Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (Urban Water Recycling and Environment Safety Program). We thank Natasha Lundin, Ph.D., from Liwen Bianji, Edanz Editing China, for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1379-x and is accessible for authorized users.

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