High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: achievements and perspectives
Ying Xu, Hui Gong, Xiaohu Dai
High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: achievements and perspectives
• High-solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) of sewage sludge (SS) is overviewed.
• Factors affecting process stability and performance in HS-AD of SS are revealed.
• HS effect and knowledge gaps of current research on the HS-AD of SS are identified.
• Future efforts on addressing knowledge gaps and improving HS-AD of SS are proposed.
High-solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) has been applied extensively during the last few decades for treating various organic wastes, such as agricultural wastes, organic fractions of municipal solid wastes, and kitchen wastes. However, the application of HS-AD to the processing of sewage sludge (SS) remains limited, which is largely attributable to its poor process stability and performance. Extensive research has been conducted to attempt to surmount these limitations. In this review, the main factors affecting process stability and performance in the HS-AD of SS are comprehensively reviewed, and the improved methods in current use, such as HS sludge pre-treatment and anaerobic co-digestion with other organic wastes, are summarised. Besides, this paper also discusses the characteristics of substance transformation in the HS-AD of SS with and without thermal pre-treatment. Research has shown that the HS effect is due to the presence of high concentrations of substances that may inhibit the function of anaerobic microorganisms, and that it also results in poor mass transfer, a low diffusion coefficient, and high viscosity. Finally, knowledge gaps in the current research on HS-AD of SS are identified. Based on these, it proposes that future efforts should be devoted to standardising the definition of HS sludge, revealing the law of migration and transformation of pollutants, describing the metabolic pathways by which specific substances are degraded, and establishing accurate mathematical models. Moreover, developing green sludge dewatering agents, obtaining high value-added products, and revealing effects of the above two on HS-AD of SS can also be considered in future.
High-solid effect / Anaerobic fermentation / Methane production / Biodegradability / Sludge treatment
[1] |
Abbassi-Guendouz A, Brockmann D, Trably E, Dumas C, Delgenès J P, Steyer J P, Escudié R (2012). Total solids content drives high solid anaerobic digestion via mass transfer limitation. Bioresource Technology, 111: 55–61
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[2] |
Aichinger P, Wadhawan T, Kuprian M, Higgins M, Ebner C, Fimml C, Murthy S, Wett B (2015). Synergistic co-digestion of solid-organic-waste and municipal-sewage-sludge: 1 plus 1 equals more than 2 in terms of biogas production and solids reduction. Water Research, 87: 416–423
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[3] |
André L, Pauss A, Ribeiro T (2018). Solid anaerobic digestion: State-of-art, scientific and technological hurdles. Bioresource Technology, 247: 1027–1037
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[4] |
Baroutian S, Eshtiaghi N, Gapes D J (2013). Rheology of a primary and secondary sewage sludge mixture: dependency on temperature and solid concentration. Bioresource Technology, 140: 227–233
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[5] |
Batstone D J, Keller J, Angelidaki I, Kalyuzhnyi S V, Pavlostathis S G, Rozzi A, Sanders W T M, Siegrist H, Vavilin V A (2002). Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1. Scientific and Technical Report 13. London, UK: IWA Publishing
|
[6] |
Baudez J C, Markis F, Eshtiaghi N, Slatter P (2011). The rheological behaviour of anaerobic digested sludge. Water Research, 45(17): 5675–5680
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[7] |
Bernal M P, Alburquerque J A, Moral R (2009). Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment. A review. Bioresource Technology, 100(22): 5444–5453
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[8] |
Bitton G (2002). Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
|
[9] |
Boe K, Angelidaki I (2012). Pilot-scale application of an online VFA sensor for monitoring and control of a manure digester. Water Science and Technology, 66(11): 2496–2503
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[10] |
Boráň J, Houdková L, Elsäßer T. (2010). Processing of sewage sludge: dependence of sludge dewatering efficiency on amount of flocculant. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(5): 278–282
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[11] |
Chen R, Wen W, Jiang H, Lei Z, Li M, Li Y Y (2019). Energy recovery potential of thermophilic high-solids co-digestion of coffee processing wastewater and waste activated sludge by anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 274: 127–133
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[12] |
Chen S, Li N, Dong B, Zhao W, Dai L, Dai X (2018). New insights into the enhanced performance of high solid anaerobic digestion with dewatered sludge by thermal hydrolysis: Organic matter degradation and methanogenic pathways. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 342: 1–9
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[13] |
Cheng Y, Li H (2015). Rheological behavior of sewage sludge with high solid content. Water Science and Technology, 71(11): 1686–1693
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[14] |
Cuetos M J, Martinez E J, Moreno R, Gonzalez R, Otero M, Gomez X (2017). Enhancing anaerobic digestion of poultry blood using activated carbon. Journal of Advanced Research, 8(3): 297–307
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[15] |
Dai L (2016). The characteristics and the sulphur control technology of the high solid anaerobic digestion in WWTP. Dissertation for the Master Degree. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology
|
[16] |
Dai X, Chen Y, Zhang D, Yi J (2016). High-solid anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and cattle manure: The effects of volatile solid ratio and pH. Scientific Reports, 6(1): 35194
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[17] |
Dai X, Duan N, Dong B, Dai L (2013). High-solids anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste in comparison with mono digestions: stability and performance. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 33(2): 308–316
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[18] |
Dai X, Gai X, Dong B (2014a). Rheology evolution of sludge through high-solid anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 174: 6–10
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[19] |
Dai X, Hu C, Zhang D, Dai L, Duan N (2017). Impact of a high ammonia-ammonium-pH system on methane-producing archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria in mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 245(Pt A): 598–605
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[20] |
Dai X, Luo F, Yi J, He Q, Dong B (2014b). Biodegradation of polyacrylamide by anaerobic digestion under mesophilic condition and its performance in actual dewatered sludge system. Bioresource Technology, 153: 55–61
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[21] |
Dai X, Luo F, Zhang D, Dai L, Chen Y, Dong B (2015). Waste-activated sludge fermentation for polyacrylamide biodegradation improved by anaerobic hydrolysis and key microorganisms involved in biological polyacrylamide removal. Scientific Reports, 5(1): 11675
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[22] |
Duan N, Dai X, Dong B, Dai L (2016). Anaerobic digestion of sludge differing in inorganic solids content: performance comparison and the effect of inorganic suspended solids content on degradation. Water Science and Technology, 74(9): 2152–2161
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[23] |
Duan N, Dong B, Wu B, Dai X (2012). High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge under mesophilic conditions: feasibility study. Bioresource Technology, 104: 150–156
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[24] |
DWA (2014). DWA Merkblatt M 368, Biologische Stabilisierung von Klérschlamm (Biological Stabilization of Sewage Sludge). Nennef, Germany: Deutsche Vereinigung fér Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall e.V. (in German)
|
[25] |
Fagbohungbe M O, Dodd I C, Herbert B M J, Li H, Ricketts L, Semple K T (2015). High solid anaerobic digestion: Operational challenges and possibilities. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 4: 268–284
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[26] |
Feng G, Liu L, Tan W (2014). Effect of thermal hydrolysis on rheological behavior of municipal sludge. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(27): 11185–11192
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[27] |
Geng H, Xu Y, Zheng L, Gong H, Dai L, Dai X (2020). An overview of removing heavy metals from sewage sludge: Achievements and perspectives. Environmental Pollution, 266(Pt 2): 115375
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[28] |
Gerardi M H (2003). The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
|
[29] |
Gonzalez A, Hendriks A T W M, van Lier J B, de Kreuk M (2018). Pre-treatments to enhance the biodegradability of waste activated sludge: Elucidating the rate limiting step. Biotechnology Advances, 36(5): 1434–1469
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[30] |
Guo H G, Zhang S T, Du L Z, Liang J F, Zhi S L, Yu J Y, Lu X B, Zhang K Q (2016). Effects of thermal-alkaline pretreatment on solubilisation and high-solid anaerobic digestion of dewatered activated sludge. BioResources, 11(1): 1280–1295
|
[31] |
Han Y, Zhuo Y, Peng D, Yao Q, Li H, Qu Q (2017). Influence of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment on organic transformation characteristics of high solid anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 244(Pt 1): 836–843
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[32] |
Hidaka T, Wang F, Togari T, Uchida T, Suzuki Y (2013). Comparative performance of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion for high-solid sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology, 149: 177–183
|
[33] |
Higgins M J, Chen Y C, Yarosz D P, Murthy S N, Maas N A, Glindemann D, Novak J T (2006). Cycling of volatile organic sulfur compounds in anaerobically digested biosolids and its implications for odors. Water Environment Research, 78(3): 243–252
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[34] |
Hu Y, Wu J, Poncin S, Cao Z, Li Z, Li H Z (2018). Flow field investigation of high solid anaerobic digestion by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Science of the Total Environment, 626: 592–602
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[35] |
Jahn L, Baumgartner T, Svardal K, Krampe J (2016). The influence of temperature and SRT on high-solid digestion of municipal sewage sludge. Water Science and Technology, 74(4): 836–843
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[36] |
Jolis D (2008). High-solids anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge pretreated by thermal hydrolysis.Water Environment Research, 80(7): 654–662
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[37] |
Kapp H (1984). Schlammfaulung mit hohem Feststoffgehalt (Sludge Digestion with High-Solid Content). Band 86, Kommissionsverlag Oldenbourg, Munich, Germany: Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft (in German)
|
[38] |
Kayhanian M (1994). Performance of a high-solids anaerobic digestion process under various ammonia concentrations. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 59(4): 349–352
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[39] |
Kirby J M (1988). Rheological characteristics of sewage sludge: A granuloviscous material. Rheologica Acta, 27(3): 326–334
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[40] |
Latha K, Velraj R, Shanmugam P, Sivanesan S (2019). Mixing strategies of high solids anaerobic co-digestion using food waste with sewage sludge for enhanced biogas production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 210: 388–400
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[41] |
Lay J J, Li Y Y, Noike T (1997). Influences of pH and moisture content on the methane production in high-solids sludge digestion. Water Research, 31(6): 1518–1524
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[42] |
Lay J J, Li Y Y, Noike T (1998). The influence of pH and ammonia concentration on the methane production in high-solids digestion processes. Water Environment Research, 70(5): 1075–1082
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[43] |
Le Hyaric R, Chardin C, Benbelkacem H, Bollon J, Bayard R, Escudié R, Buffière P (2011). Influence of substrate concentration and moisture content on the specific methanogenic activity of dry mesophilic municipal solid waste digestate spiked with propionate. Bioresource Technology, 102(2): 822–827
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[44] |
Lee E, Bittencourt P, Casimir L, Jimenez E, Wang M, Zhang Q, Ergas S J (2019). Biogas production from high solids anaerobic co-digestion of food waste, yard waste and waste activated sludge. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 95: 432–439
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[45] |
Li C, Li H, Zhang Y (2015a). Alkaline treatment of high-solids sludge and its application to anaerobic digestion. Water Science and Technology, 71(1): 67–74
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[46] |
Li J, Rui J, Yao M, Zhang S, Yan X, Wang Y, Yan Z, Li X (2015b). Substrate type and free ammonia determine bacterial community structure in full-scale mesophilic anaerobic digesters treating cattle or swine manure. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6: 1337
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[47] |
Li N, He J, Yan H, Chen S, Dai X (2017a). Pathways in bacterial and archaeal communities dictated by ammonium stress in a high solid anaerobic digester with dewatered sludge. Bioresource Technology, 241: 95–102
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[48] |
Li N, Xue Y, Chen S, Takahashi J, Dai L, Dai X (2017b). Methanogenic population dynamics regulated by bacterial community responses to protein-rich organic wastes in a high solid anaerobic digester. Chemical Engineering Journal, 317: 444–453
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[49] |
Li X, Chen L, Mei Q, Dong B, Dai X, Ding G, Zeng E Y (2018). Microplastics in sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plants in China. Water Research, 142: 75–85
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[50] |
Li X, Chen S, Dong B, Dai X (2020). New insight into the effect of thermal hydrolysis on high solid sludge anaerobic digestion: Conversion pathway of volatile sulphur compounds. Chemosphere, 244: 125466
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[51] |
Li X, Li L, Zheng M, Fu G, Lar J (2009). Anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure with corn stover pretreated by sodium hydroxide for efficient biogas production. Energy & Fuels, 23(9): 4635–4639
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[52] |
Li Y B, Park S Y, Zhu J Y (2011). Solid-state anaerobic digestion for methane production from organic waste. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1): 821–826
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[53] |
Liao N H (2016). The mechanism of total solid on concentration of hydrogen sulfide in biogas of sludge anaerobic digestion. Dissertation for Master Degree. Shanghai: Tongji University
|
[54] |
Liao X, Li H, Cheng Y, Chen N, Li C, Yang Y (2014). Process performance of high-solids batch anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Environmental Technology, 35(21): 2652–2659
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[55] |
Liao X C, Li H (2015). Biogas production from low-organic-content sludge using a high-solids anaerobic digester with improved agitation. Applied Energy, 148: 252–259
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[56] |
Liao X C, Li H, Zhang Y Y, Liu C, Chen Q W (2016). Accelerated high-solids anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge using low-temperature thermal pre-treatment. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 106: 141–149
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[57] |
Litti Y, Nikitina A, Kovalev D, Ermoshin A, Mahajan R, Goel G, Nozhevnikova A (2019). Influence of cationic polyacrilamide flocculant on high-solids’ anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge under thermophilic conditions. Environmental Technology, 40(9): 1146–1155
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[58] |
Liu C, Li H, Zhang Y, Liu C (2016a). Improve biogas production from low-organic-content sludge through high-solids anaerobic co-digestion with food waste. Bioresource Technology, 219: 252–260
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[59] |
Liu C, Li H, Zhang Y, Si D, Chen Q (2016b). Evolution of microbial community along with increasing solid concentration during high-solids anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology, 216: 87–94
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[60] |
Liu J, Yu D, Zhang J, Yang M, Wang Y, Wei Y, Tong J (2016c). Rheological properties of sewage sludge during enhanced anaerobic digestion with microwave-H2O2 pretreatment. Water Research, 98: 98–108
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[61] |
Liu J, Zheng J, Niu Y, Zuo Z, Zhang J, Wei Y (2020a). Effect of zero-valent iron combined with carbon-based materials on the mitigation of ammonia inhibition during anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 311: 123503
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[62] |
Liu Z, Zhou S, Dai L, Dai X (2020b). The transformation of phosphorus fractions in high-solid sludge by anaerobic digestion combined with the high temperature thermal hydrolysis process. Bioresource Technology, 309: 123314
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[63] |
Lotito V, Spinosa L, Mininni G, Antonacci R (1997). The rheology of sewage sludge at different steps of treatment. Water Science and Technology, 36(11): 79–85
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[64] |
Luo Y L, Yang Z H, Xu Z Y, Zhou L J, Zeng G M, Huang J, Xiao Y, Wang L K (2011). Effect of trace amounts of polyacrylamide (PAM) on long-term performance of activated sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 189(1–2): 69–75
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[65] |
Lv N, Zhao L, Wang R, Ning J, Pan X, Li C, Cai G, Zhu G (2020). Novel strategy for relieving acid accumulation by enriching syntrophic associations of syntrophic fatty acid-oxidation bacteria and H2/formate-scavenging methanogens in anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 313: 123702
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[66] |
McCarty P L (2001). The development of anaerobic treatment and its future. Water Science and Technology, 44(8): 149–156
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[67] |
Mendes C, Esquerre K, Matos Queiroz L (2015). Application of Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 for simulating anaerobic mesophilic sludge digestion. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 35: 89–95
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[68] |
Moestedt J, Nilsson Påledal S, Schnürer A (2013). The effect of substrate and operational parameters on the abundance of sulphate-reducing bacteria in industrial anaerobic biogas digesters. Bioresource Technology, 132: 327–332
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[69] |
Mumme J, Srocke F, Heeg K, Werner M (2014). Use of biochars in anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 164: 189–197
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[70] |
Neumann P, Pesante S, Venegas M, Vidal G (2016). Developments in pre-treatment methods to improve anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 15(2): 173–211
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[71] |
Nges I A, Liu J (2010). Effects of solid retention time on anaerobic digestion of dewatered-sewage sludge in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Renewable Energy, 35(10): 2200–2206
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[72] |
Nguyen D, Wu Z, Shrestha S, Lee P H, Raskin L, Khanal S K (2019). Intermittent micro-aeration: New strategy to control volatile fatty acid accumulation in high organic loading anaerobic digestion. Water Research, 166: 115080
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[73] |
Pavlostathis S G, Giraldo-Gomez E (1991). Kinetics of anaerobic treatment: A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, 21(5–6): 411–490
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[74] |
Poirier S, Madigou C, Bouchez T, Chapleur O (2017). Improving anaerobic digestion with support media: Mitigation of ammonia inhibition and effect on microbial communities. Bioresource Technology, 235: 229–239
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[75] |
Provenzano M R, Cavallo O, Malerba A D, Di Maria F, Cucina M, Massaccesi L, Gigliotti G (2016). Co-treatment of fruit and vegetable waste in sludge digesters: Chemical and spectroscopic investigation by fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 50: 283–289
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[76] |
Public Works Research Institute (PWRI) (1997). Annual report of wastewater management and water quality control, No.3528. International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ISSN 0386–5878). Tokyo, Japan: Ministry of Construction (in Japanese)
|
[77] |
Qi Y, Thapa K B, Hoadley A F A (2011). Application for filtration aids for improving sludge dewatering properties: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 171(2): 373–384
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[78] |
Rajagopal R, Massé D I, Singh G (2013). A critical review on inhibition of anaerobic digestion process by excess ammonia. Bioresource Technology, 143: 632–641
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[79] |
Rapport J, Zhang R, Jenkins B M, Williams R B (2008). Current anaerobic digestion technologies used for treatment of municipal organic solid waste. Sacramento: California Environmental Protection Agency
|
[80] |
Ruiz-Hernando M, Martinez-Elorza G, Labanda J, Llorens J (2013). Dewaterability of sewage sludge by ultrasonic, thermal and chemical treatments. Chemical Engineering Journal, 230: 102–110
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[81] |
Sajjadi B, Raman A A A, Parthasarathy R (2016). Fluid dynamic analysis of non-Newtonian flow behavior of municipal sludge simulant in anaerobic digesters using submerged, recirculating jets. Chemical Engineering Journal, 298: 259–270
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[82] |
Slatter P (1997). Rheological characterisation of sludges. Water Science and Technology, 36(11): 9–18
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[83] |
Sommers L E, Tabatabai M A, Nelson D W (1977). Forms of sulfur in sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Quality, 6(1): 42–46
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[84] |
Souza T S, Lacerda D, Aguiar L L, Martins M N C, David J A O (2020). Toxic potential of sewage sludge: Histopathological effects on soil and aquatic bioindicators. Ecological Indicators, 111: 105980
|
[85] |
Száková J, Pulkrabová J, Černý J, Mercl F, Švarcová A, Gramblička T, Najmanová J, Tlustoš P, Balík J (2019). Selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the rhizosphere of sewage sludge-treated soil: implications for the biodegradability of POPs. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 65(7): 994–1009
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[86] |
Tang Y, Dai X, Dong B, Guo Y, Dai L (2020). Humification in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) dominates methane release and EPS reconstruction during the sludge stabilization of high-solid anaerobic digestion. Water Research, 175: 115686
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[87] |
Tang Y, Li X, Dong B, Huang J, Wei Y, Dai X, Dai L (2018). Effect of aromatic repolymerization of humic acid-like fraction on digestate phytotoxicity reduction during high-solid anaerobic digestion for stabilization treatment of sewage sludge. Water Research, 143: 436–444
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[88] |
Urrea J L, Collado S, Laca A, Díaz M (2015). Rheological behaviour of activated sludge treated by thermal hydrolysis. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 5: 153–159
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[89] |
Veluchamy C, Kalamdhad A S (2017). A mass diffusion model on the effect of moisture content for solid state anaerobic digestion. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162: 371–379
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[90] |
Wang F, Hidaka T, Uchida T, Tsumori J (2014). Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge with high solids content. Water Science and Technology, 69(9): 1949–1955
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[91] |
Wang T, Zhang D, Dai L, Dong B, Dai X (2018). Magnetite triggering enhanced direct interspecies electron transfer: A scavenger for the blockage of electron transfer in anaerobic digestion of high-solids sewage sludge. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(12): 7160–7169
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[92] |
Wang Z W, Xu F, Manchala K R, Sun Y, Li Y (2016). Fractal-like kinetics of the solid-state anaerobic digestion. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 53: 55–61
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[93] |
Wu Z L, Lin Z, Sun Z Y, Gou M, Xia Z Y, Tang Y Q (2020). A comparative study of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge with high-solids content: Reactor performance and microbial community. Bioresource Technology, 302: 122851
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[94] |
Xu F Q, Li Y B, Wang Z W (2015). Mathematical modeling of solid-state anaerobic digestion. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 51: 49–66
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[95] |
Xu Y, Dai X (2020). Integrating multi-state and multi-phase treatment for anaerobic sludge digestion to enhance recovery of bio-energy. Science of the Total Environment, 698: 134196
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[96] |
Xu Y, Lu Y, Zheng L, Wang Z, Dai X (2020a). Perspective on enhancing the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 389: 121847
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[97] |
Xu Y, Lu Y, Zheng L, Wang Z, Dai X (2020b). Effects of humic matter on the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: New insights from sludge structure. Chemosphere, 243: 125421
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[98] |
Xue Y G, Liu H J, Chen S S, Dichtl N, Dai X H, Li N (2015). Effects of thermal hydrolysis on organic matter solubilization and anaerobic digestion of high solid sludge. Chemical Engineering Journal, 264: 174–180
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[99] |
Yenigün O, Demirel B (2013). Ammonia inhibition in anaerobic digestion: A review. Process Biochemistry, 48(5–6): 901–911
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[100] |
Yin Q, Wu G (2019). Advances in direct interspecies electron transfer and conductive materials: Electron flux, organic degradation and microbial interaction. Biotechnology Advances, 37(8): 107443
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[101] |
Young M N, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Liu W, Doyle M L, Rittmann B E (2013). The role of anaerobic sludge recycle in improving anaerobic digester performance. Bioresource Technology, 128: 731–737
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[102] |
Zhang J, Xue Y, Eshtiaghi N, Dai X, Tao W, Li Z (2017). Evaluation of thermal hydrolysis efficiency of mechanically dewatered sewage sludge via rheological measurement. Water Research, 116: 34–43
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[103] |
Zhang Y, Feng Y, Yu Q, Xu Z, Quan X (2014). Enhanced high-solids anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge by the addition of scrap iron. Bioresource Technology, 159: 297–304
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[104] |
Zhang Y, Li H, Liu C, Cheng Y (2015). Influencing mechanism of high solids concentration on anaerobic mono-digestion of sewage sludge without agitation. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 9(6): 1108–1116
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[105] |
Zhang Y Y, Li H, Cheng Y C, Liu C (2016). Influence of solids concentration on diffusion behavior in sewage sludge and its digestate. Chemical Engineering Science, 152: 674–677
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[106] |
Zhi S L, Zhang K Q (2019). Antibiotic residues may stimulate or suppress methane yield and microbial activity during high-solid anaerobic digestion. Chemical Engineering Journal, 359: 1303–1315
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[107] |
Zhou J, You X, Niu B, Yang X, Gong L, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhang H (2020). Enhancement of methanogenic activity in anaerobic digestion of high solids sludge by nano zero-valent iron. Science of the Total Environment, 703: 135532
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
/
〈 | 〉 |