Enhanced catalytic oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol via singlet oxygen dominated peroxymonosulfate activation on CoOOH@Bi₂O₃ composite

Abstract

• Bi₂O₃ cannot directly activate PMS.

• Bi₂O₃ loading increased the specific surface area and conductivity of CoOOH.

• Larger specific surface area provided more active sites for PMS activation.

• Faster electron transfer rate promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species.

• ¹O₂ was identified as dominant ROS in the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃/PMS system.

Cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) has been turned out to be a high-efficiency catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. In this study, CoOOH was loaded on bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) using a facile chemical precipitation process to improve its catalytic activity and stability. The result showed that the catalytic performance on the 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) degradation was significantly enhanced with only 11 wt% Bi₂O₃ loading. The degradation rate in the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃/PMS system (0.2011 min⁻¹) was nearly 6.0 times higher than that in the CoOOH/PMS system (0.0337 min⁻¹). Furthermore, CoOOH@Bi₂O₃ displayed better stability with less Co ions leaching (16.4% lower than CoOOH) in the PMS system. These phenomena were attributed to the Bi₂O₃ loading which significantly increased the conductivity and specific surface area of the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃ composite. Faster electron transfer facilitated the redox reaction of Co (III) / Co (II) and thus was more favorable for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Meanwhile, larger specific surface area furnished more active sites for PMS activation. More importantly, there were both non-radical (¹O₂) and radicals (SO₄⁻•, O₂⁻•, and OH•) in the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃/PMS system and ¹O₂ was the dominant one. In general, this study provided a simple and practical strategy to enhance the catalytic activity and stability of cobalt oxyhydroxide in the PMS system.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Cobalt oxyhydroxide / Bismuth oxide / Peroxymonosulfate / 2 / 4-dichlorophenol / Singlet oxygen / Electron transfer

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