Redox reactions of iron and manganese oxides in complex systems

Highlights

• Mechanisms of redox reactions of Fe- and Mn-oxides were discussed.

• Oxidative reactions of Mn- and Fe-oxides in complex systems were reviewed.

• Reductive reaction of Fe(II)/iron oxides in complex systems was examined.

• Future research on examining the redox reactivity in complex systems was suggested.

Abstract

Conspectus Redox reactions of Fe- and Mn-oxides play important roles in the fate and transformation of many contaminants in natural environments. Due to experimental and analytical challenges associated with complex environments, there has been a limited understanding of the reaction kinetics and mechanisms in actual environmental systems, and most of the studies so far have only focused on simple model systems. To bridge the gap between simple model systems and complex environmental systems, it is necessary to increase the complexity of model systems and examine both the involved interaction mechanisms and how the interactions affected contaminant transformation. In this Account, we primarily focused on (1) the oxidative reactivity of Mn- and Fe-oxides and (2) the reductive reactivity of Fe(II)/iron oxides in complex model systems toward contaminant degradation. The effects of common metal ions such as Mn²⁺ , Ca²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cr³⁺ and Cu²⁺, ligands such as small anionic ligands and natural organic matter (NOM), and second metal oxides such as Al, Si and Ti oxides on the redox reactivity of the systems are briefly summarized.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Iron oxides / manganese oxides / reduction / oxidation / complex systems / reaction kinetics and mechanisms

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Acknowledgements

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants CBET-1762691 and CHE-1808406 to H. Zhang. The authors are thankful to Dr. Zheng Li at University of Washington for the assistance for TOC drawing.Open AccessƒThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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