Distribution of aromatic amines, phenols, chlorobenzenes, and naphthalenes in the surface sediment of the Dianchi Lake, China

Highlights

• The total organic pollutant concentrations in sediment were 27.4-1620 ng/g.

• The phenol concentrations were relatively high in the sediment of the Dianchi Lake.

• Average total concentrations decreased as follows: Caohai>Waihai>Haigeng Dam.

• 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 3- or 4-methylphenol, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene might be risks.

Abstract

Organic pollutants are widespread environmental pollutants with high toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. Our aim was to investigate the distribution of aromatic amines, phenols, chlorobenzenes, and naphthalenes in the surface sediment of the Dianchi Lake, China. Nineteen surface sediment samples were collected from the Dianchi Lake, and 40 types of organic pollutants were analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The total organic pollutant concentrations in the surface sediment of the Dianchi Lake varied from 27.4 to 1.62 × 10³ ng/g. The concentrations of phenols were much higher than those in other water bodies but still within a controllable range, whereas the concentrations of the other organic pollutant classes were similar or even lower. The detection ratio of 3- or 4-methylphenol was the highest (100.00%) among the pollutants. The average total organic pollutant concentrations decreased in the following order: Caohai (540 ng/g)>the middle of Waihai (488 ng/g)>the edge of Waihai (351 ng/g)>Haigeng Dam (90.4 ng/g). Pearson analysis showed a strong correlation among 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1,3-dinitronaphthalene, and 1,4-dinitronaphthalene (p<0.01). Caohai, the north lakeshore of Waihai and the south of Waihai showed higher risk because of high concentration; meanwhile, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 3- or 4-methylphenol and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were more likely to cause risks.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Organic pollutants / Lake sediment / Spatial distribution / Potential source

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1903000), the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2019QNYL23), and the Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, China (CSJ2017012).

Electronic Supplementary material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1245-x and is accessible for authorized users.

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