Enhanced triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) degradation through application of an O₃/UV process: Performance optimization and degradation pathways

Highlights

• UV/O₃ process had higher TAIC mineralization rate than O₃ process.

• Four possible degradation pathways were proposed during TAIC degradation.

• pH impacted oxidation processes with pH of 9 achieving maximum efficiency.

• CO₃^2– negatively impacted TAIC degradation while HCO₃^– not.

• Cl^– can be radicals scavenger only at high concentration (over 500 mg/L Cl^–).

Abstract

Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC, C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₃) has featured in wastewater treatment as a refractory organic compound due to the significant production capability and negative environmental impact. TAIC degradation was enhanced when an ozone(O₃)/ultraviolet(UV) process was applied compared with the application of an independent O₃ process. Although 99% of TAIC could be degraded in 5 min during both processes, the O₃/UV process had a 70%mineralization rate that was much higher than that of the independent O₃ process (9%) in 30 min. Four possible degradation pathways were proposed based on the organic compounds of intermediate products identified during TAIC degradation through the application of independent O₃ and O₃/UV processes. pH impacted both the direct and indirect oxidation processes. Acidic and alkaline conditions preferred direct and indirect reactions respectively, with a pH of 9 achieving maximum Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal. Both CO₃^2– and HCO₃^– decreased TOC removal, however only CO₃^2– negatively impacted TAIC degradation. Effects of Cl^– as a radical scavenger became more marked only at high concentrations (over 500 mg/L Cl^–). Particulate and suspended matter could hinder the transmission of ultraviolet light and reduce the production of HO· accordingly.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Triallyl isocyanurate / O₃/UV / Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) / Degradation pathway

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China (Nos. 2018ZX07105004 and 2018ZX07105003).ƒ

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1243-z and is accessible for authorized users.

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