Phosphorus transformation under the influence of aluminum, organic carbon, and dissolved oxygen at the water-sediment interface: A simulative study

Abstract

• The three simulation factors caused various changes in both water and sediment.

• Responses to simulations differed with the reported natural lakes and wetlands.

• Al has dominant effects on sediment P release control among the three factors.

• Adding sediment Al can be effective and safe under the simulated conditions.

• Polyphosphates were not generated, while added phytate was rather stable.

The effects of sediment aluminum (Al), organic carbon (OC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) on phosphorus (P) transformation, at the water-sediment interface of a eutrophic constructed lake, were investigated via a series of simulative experiments. The above three factors had various influences on dissolved P concentration, water pH, water and surface sediment appearance, and P fractions. Additions of Al had the greatest effect on suppressing P release, and the water pH remained alkaline in the water-sediment system under various OC and DO conditions. No dissolution of the added Al was detected. ³¹P-NMR characterization suggested that OC addition did not promote biological P uptake to polyphosphates under oxic conditions. The simulation result on the added phytate indicated the absence of phytate in the original lake sediment. As compared to the reported natural lakes and wetland, the water-sediment system of the constructed lake responded differently to some simulative conditions. Since Al, OC, and DO can be controlled with engineering methods, the results of this study provide insights for the practical site restorations.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Phosphorus / Sediment / Simulation / Dissolved oxygen / Organic carbon / Aluminum

References

[1] Abril G, Frankignoulle M (2001). Nitrogen-alkalinity interactions in the highly polluted Scheldt basin (Belgium). Water Research, 35(3): 844–850

[2] Ahlgren J, de Brabandere H, Reitzel K, Rydin E, Gogoll A, Waldebäck M (2007). Sediment phosphorus extractants for phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis: A quantitative evaluation. Journal of Environmental Quality, 36(3): 892–898

[3] Ahlgren J, Reitzel K, Danielsson R, Gogoll A, Rydin E (2006). Biogenic phosphorus in oligotrophic mountain lake sediments: Differences in composition measured with NMR spectroscopy. Water Research, 40(20): 3705–3712

[4] Ahlgren J, Reitzel K, De Brabandere H, Gogoll A, Rydin E (2011). Release of organic P forms from lake sediments. Water Research, 45(2): 565–572

[5] Bai X, Ding S, Fan C, Liu T, Shi D, Zhang L (2009). Organic phosphorus species in surface sediments of a large, shallow, eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China. Environmental Pollution, 157(8–9): 2507–2513

[6] Cade-Menun B J, Navaratnam J A, Walbridge M R (2006). Characterizing dissolved and particulate phosphorus in water with ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology, 40(24): 7874–7880

[7] Cade-Menun B J, Preston C M (1996). A comparison of soil extraction procedures for ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Soil Science, 161(11): 770–785

[8] de Vicente I, Jensen H S, Andersen F Ø (2008). Factors affecting phosphate adsorption to aluminum in lake water: Implications for lake restoration. Science of the Total Environment, 389(1): 29–36

[9] Ding S, Bai X, Fan C, Zhang L (2010a). Caution needed in pretreatment of sediments for refining phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis: Results from a comprehensive assessment of pretreatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Journal of Environmental Quality, 39(5): 1668–1678

[10] Ding S, Xu D, Li B, Fan C, Zhang C (2010b). Improvement of ³¹P- NMR spectral resolution by 8-hydroxyquinoline precipitation of paramagnetic Fe and Mn in environmental samples. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(7): 2555–2561

[11] Doolette A L, Smernik R J, Dougherty W J (2009). Spiking improved solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance identification of soil phosphorus compounds. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 73(3): 919–927

[12] Egemose S, Reitzel K, Andersen F Ø, Flindt M R (2010). Chemical lake restoration products: Sediment stability and phosphorus dynamics. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(3): 985–991

[13] Fang T, Wang H, Cui Q, Rogers M, Dong P (2018). Diversity of potential antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens and the effect of suspended particles on the spread of antibiotic resistance in urban recreational water. Water Research, 145: 541–551

[14] Gensemer R W, Playle R C (1999). The bioavailability and toxicity of aluminum in aquatic environments. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 29(4): 315–450

[15] Golterman H L (2001). Phosphate release from anoxic sediments or ‘What did Mortimer really write?’. Hydrobiologia, 450(1–3): 99–106

[16] Gross E M (2003). Allelopathy of aquatic autotrophs. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 22(3–4): 313–339

[17] Hupfer M, Rübe B, Schmieder P (2004). Origin and diagenesis of polyphosphate in lake sediments: A ³¹P-NMR study. Limnology and Oceanography. 49(1): 1–10

[18] Huser B J, Egemose S, Harper H, Hupfer M, Jensen H, Pilgrim K M, Reitzel K, Rydin E, Futter M (2016). Longevity and effectiveness of aluminum addition to reduce sediment phosphorus release and restore lake water quality. Water Research, 97: 122–132

[19] Jensen H S, Reitzel K, Egemose S (2015). Evaluation of aluminum treatment efficiency on water quality and internal phosphorus cycling in six Danish lakes. Hydrobiologia, 751(1): 189–199

[20] Jiang X, Jin X, Yao Y, Li L, Wu F (2008). Effects of biological activity, light, temperature and oxygen on phosphorus release processes at the sediment and water interface of Taihu Lake, China. Water Research, 42(8–9): 2251–2259

[21] Khoshmanesh A, Hart B T, Duncan A, Beckett R (1999). Biotic uptake and release of phosphorus by a wetland sediment. Environmental Technology, 20(1): 85–91

[22] Khoshmanesh A, Hart B T, Duncan A, Beckett R (2002). Luxury uptake of phosphorus by sediment bacteria. Water Research, 36(3): 774–778

[23] Kopáček J, Borovec J, Hejzlar J, Ulrich K, Norton S A, Amirbahman A (2005). Aluminum control of phosphorus sorption by lake sediments Environmental Science & Technology, 39(22): 8784–8789

[24] Lake B A, Coolidge K M, Norton S A, Amirbahman A (2007). Factors contributing to the internal loading of phosphorus from anoxic sediments in six Maine, USA, lakes. Science of the Total Environment, 373(2–3): 534–541

[25] Liu J, Wang H, Yang H, Ma Y, Cai O (2009). Detection of phosphorus species in sediments of artificial landscape lakes in China by fractionation and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Environmental Pollution, 157(1): 49–56

[26] Liu S, Zhu Y, Meng W, He Z, Feng W, Zhang C, Giesy J P (2016). Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state ¹³C NMR and solution ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Science of the Total Environment, 543(Pt A): 746–756

[27] Malecki-Brown L M, White J R, Brix H (2010). Alum application to improve water quality in a municipal wastewater treatment wetland: Effects on macrophyte growth and nutrient uptake. Chemosphere, 79(2): 186–192

[28] McDowell R W, Cade-Menum B J, (2006). An examination of spin-lattice relaxation times for analysis of soil and manure extracts by liquid state phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Environmental Quality, 35(1): 293–302

[29] Ni Z, Wang S, Zhang B T, Wang Y, Li H (2019). Response of sediment organic phosphorus composition to lake trophic status in China. Science of the Total Environment, 652: 495–504

[30] Norton S A, Coolidge K, Amirbahman A, Bouchard R, Kopáček J, Reinhardt R (2008). Speciation of Al, Fe, and P in recent sediment from three lakes in Maine, USA. Science of the Total Environment, 404(2–3): 276–283

[31] Qu Y, Wang C, Guo J, Huang J, Fang F, Xiao Y, Ouyang W, Lu L (2019). Characteristics of organic phosphorus fractions in soil from water-level fluctuation zone by solution ³¹P-nuclear magnetic resonance and enzymatic hydrolysis. Environmental Pollution, 255(Pt 2):113209

[32] Read E K, Ivancic M, Hanson P, Cade-Menun B J, Mcmahon K D (2014). Phosphorus speciation in a eutrophic lake by ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Water Research, 62: 229–240 doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.005

[33] Reitzel K, Ahlgren J, Gogoll A, Jensen H S, Rydin E (2006). Characterization of phosphorus in sequential extracts from lake sediments using ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63(8): 1686–1699

[34] Reitzel K, Balslev K A, Jensen H S (2017). The influence of lake water alkalinity and humic substances on particle dispersion and lanthanum desorption from a lanthanum modified bentonite. Water Research, 125: 191–200

[35] Reitzel K, Hansen J, Andersen F Ø, Hansen K S, Jensen H S (2005). Lake restoration by dosing aluminum relative to mobile phosphorus in the sediment. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(11): 4134–4140

[36] Reitzel K, Hansen J, Jensen H S, Andersen F v, Hansen K S (2003). Testing aluminum addition as a tool for lake restoration in shallow, eutrophic Lake Sønderby, Denmark. Hydrobiologia, 506(1–3): 781–787

[37] Reitzel K, Jensen H S, Egemose S (2013). pH dependent dissolution of sediment aluminum in six Danish lakes treated with aluminum. Water Research, 47(3): 1409–1420

[38] Rosińska J, Kozak A, Dondajewska R, Kowalczewska-Madura K, Gołdyn R (2018). Water quality response to sustainable restoration measures: Case study of urban Swarzędzkie Lake. Ecological Indicators, 84: 437–449

[39] S.E.P.A. China (2002). Monitor and Analysis Method of Water and Wastewater. 4th ed. Beijing: Chinese Environment Science Press, 243–248 (in Chinese)

[40] Smernik R J, Dougherty W J (2007). Identification of phytate in phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra: The need for spiking. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 71(3): 1045–1050

[41] Steinman A D, Ogdahl M (2008). Ecological effects after an alum treatment in Spring Lake, Michigan. Journal of Environmental Quality, 37(1): 22–29

[42] Suzumura M, Kamatani A (1995). Mineralization of inositol hexaphosphate in aerobic and anaerobic marine sediments: Implications for the phosphorus cycle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(5): 1021–1026

[43] Turner B L, Papházy M J, Haygarth P M, McKelvie I D (2002). Inositol phosphates in the environment. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society B, 357(1420): 449–469

[44] Turner B L, Newman S (2005). Phosphorus cycling in wetland soils: the importance of phosphate diesters. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34(5): 1921–1929

[45] Wang S, Jin X, Bu Q, Hao L, Wu F (2008). Effects of dissolved oxygen supply level on phosphorus release from lake sediments. Colloids and Surfaces. A, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 316(1-3): 245–252

[46] Yin H, Wang J, Zhang R, Tang W (2019). Performance of physical and chemical methods in the co-reduction of internal phosphorus and nitrogen loading from the sediment of a black odorous river. Science of the Total Environment, 663: 68–77

[47] Zhang R, Wang L, Wu F, Song B (2013). Phosphorus speciation in the sediment profile of Lake Erhai, southwestern China: Fractionation and ³¹P NMR. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 25(6): 1124–1130

[48] Zhang R, Wu F, He Z, Zheng J, Song B, Jin L (2009). Phosphorus composition in sediments from seven different trophic lakes, China: A phosphorus-31 NMR study. Journal of Environmental Quality, 38(1): 353–359

[49] Zhang S, Yi Q, Buyang S, Cui H, Zhang S (2019). Enrichment of bioavailable phosphorus in fine particles when sediment resuspension hinders the ecological restoration of shallow eutrophic lakes. Science of the Total Environment, 710:135672 doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135672

[50] Zhang W, Jin X, Ding Y, Zhu X, Rong N, Li J, Shan B (2016). Composition of phosphorus in wetland soils determined by SMT and solution ³¹P-NMR analyses. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 23(9): 9046–9053

[51] Zhang W, Tang W, Zhang H, Bi J, Jin X, Li J, Shan B (2014). Characterization of biogenic phosphorus in sediments from the multi-polluted Haihe River, China, using phosphorus fractionation and ³¹P-NMR. Ecological Engineering, 71: 520–526

[52] Zhu Y, Feng W, Liu S, He Z, Zhao X, Liu Y, Guo J, Giesy J P, Wu F (2018). Bioavailability and preservation of organic phosphorus in lake sediments: Insights from enzymatic hydrolysis and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance. Chemosphere, 211: 50–61

[53] Zhu Y, Wu F, He Z, Guo J, Qu X, Xie F, Giesy J P, Liao H, Guo F (2013). Characterization of organic phosphorus in lake sediments by sequential fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(14): 7679–7687

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature