Statistical modeling of radiolytic (⁶⁰Co g) degradation of Ofloxacin, antibiotic: Synergetic effect, kinetic studies & assessment of its degraded metabolites

Highlights

Linear, interactive and quadratic effects of process parameters were studied.

Degradation of Ofloxacin (Ofx) was related with G value of irradiation process.

The synergistic effect of H₂O₂ on lower dose of g-irradiation was established.

The process follows pseudo first order with dose constant (d = 0.232 kGy^–1).

Abstract

The impact of human activities in the past few decades has paved the way for the release of pollutants due to the improper effluent treatment. Recent studies revealed that, Ofloxacin, an antibiotic as one of the major pollutant affecting surface water and ground water. In this study, the radiolytic potential of Ofloxacin was investigated. The effects of pH, dose and concentration of Ofloxacin were analyzed using One Factor At a Time (OFAT) and the interactive effects between the parameters were studied using Face Centered Central Composite Design. The statistically optimised developed model shows 30% degradation at initial antibiotic concentration of 1mM at pH 3.0 and at 2 kGy dose of gamma ray. The process efficiency was evaluated in terms of G value and its correlation with the concentration of antibiotic was also established. The process of degradation was augmented by the addition of H₂O₂ (1.5 mM). The reaction kinetics for the process was evaluated, the dose rate constant and the rate of degradation for the augmented process was found to be 0.232 kGy^-1 and 0.232 mM/kGy, respectively. The degraded metabolites of the radiolytic degradation of Ofloxacin were analyzed through change in pH, reduction in TOC and GC-MS spectrum.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Ofloxacin / Gamma irradiation / Face centered central composite design / Reaction kinetics / Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrum

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr. V. N. Vasudevan, Meat technology unit, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University for providing us the gamma irradiation facility. The authors are grateful to Prof. Anant Achary, Dept. of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology for providing us valuable suggestions in approaching this research work.

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