• The NOx reduction ability of Pt/BaO/Al2O3 can be improved by Pd doping.
• Pd-Ba interaction inhibits the NO dissociation over Pd sites.
• (Pt/BaO/Al2O3+Pd/Al2O3) exhibits superior NSR performance.
• (Pt-Pd/BaO/Al2O3+Al2O3) is proved to be an unwished Pd-modified catalyst.
• The N2O formation mechanism over Pd-modified catalyst is provided.
![]()
N2O is a powerful greenhouse gas and plays an important role in destructing the ozone layer. This present work investigated the effects of Pd doping on N2O formation over Pt/BaO/Al2O3 catalyst. Three types of catalysts, Pt/BaO/Al2O3, Pt/Pd mechanical mixing catalyst (Pt/BaO/Al2O3+Pd/Al2O3) and Pt-Pd co-impregnation catalyst (Pt-Pd/BaO/Al2O3) were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were first evaluated in NSR activity tests using H2/CO as reductants and then carefully characterized by BET, CO chemisorption, CO-DRIFTs and H2-TPR techniques. In addition, temperature programmed reactions of NO with H2/CO were conducted to obtain further information about N2O formation mechanism. Compared with Pt/BaO/Al2O3, (Pt/BaO/Al2O3+Pd/Al2O3) produced less N2O and more NH3 during NOx storage and reduction process, while an opposite trend was found over (Pt-Pd/BaO/Al2O3+Al2O3). Temperature programmed reactions of NO with H2/CO results showed that Pd/Al2O3 component in (Pt/BaO/Al2O3+Pd/Al2O3) played an important role in NO reduction to NH3, and the formed NH3 could reduce NOx to N2 leading to a decrease in N2O formation. Most of N2O formed over (Pt-Pd/BaO/Al2O3+Al2O3) was originated from Pd/BaO/Al2O3 component. H2-TPR results indicated Pd-Ba interaction resulted in more difficult-to-reduce PdOx species over Pd/BaO/Al2O3, which inhibits the NO dissociation and thus drives the selectivity to N2O in NO reduction.
| [1] |
Zou Q, Lu K, Wu Y, Yang Y, Du Z, Hu M. Ambient photolysis frequency of NO2 determined using chemical actinometer and spectroradiometer at an urban site in Beijing. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2016, 10(6): 13–21
|
| [2] |
George C, Beeldens A, Barmpas F, Doussin J F, Manganelli G, Herrmann H, Kleffmann J, Mellouki A. Impact of photocatalytic remediation of pollutants on urban air quality. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2016, 10(5): 02
|
| [3] |
Takahashi N, Shinjoh H, Iijima T, Suzuki T, Yamazaki K, Yokota K, Suzuki H, Miyoshi N, Matsumoto S I, Tanizawa T, Tanaka T, Tateishi S, Kasahara K. The new concept 3-way catalyst for automotive lean-burn engine: NOx storage and reduction catalyst. Catalysis Today, 1996, 27(1–2): 63–69
|
| [4] |
Wang X, Yu Y, He H. Effect of Co addition to Pt/Ba/Al2O3 system for NOx storage and reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 100(1–2): 19–30
|
| [5] |
Epling W S, Campbell L E, Yezerets A, Currier N W, Parks J E II. Overview of the fundamental reactions and degradation mechanisms of NOx storage/reduction catalysts. Catalysis Reviews, 2004, 46(2): 163–245
|
| [6] |
Liu Z, Ihl Woo S. Recent advances in catalytic DeNOx science and technology. Catalysis Reviews, 2006, 48(1): 43–89
|
| [7] |
Zhang Y, Yu Y, He H. Oxygen vacancies on nanosized ceria govern the NOx storage capacity of NSR catalysts. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2016, 6(11): 3950–3962
|
| [8] |
Partridge W P, Choi J S. NH3 formation and utilization in regeneration of Pt/Ba/Al2O3 NOx storage-reduction catalyst with H2. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 91(1–2): 144–151
|
| [9] |
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emission standards and corporate average fuel economy standards: final rule. Federal Register, 2010, 40: 25323–25728
|
| [10] |
Mráček D, Kočí P, Marek M, Choi J S, Pihl J A, Partridge W P. Dynamics of N2 and N2O peaks during and after the regeneration of lean NOx trap. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2015, 166: 509–517 doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.12.002
|
| [11] |
Bártová Š, Kočí P, Mráček D, Marek M, Pihl J A, Choi J S, Toops T J, Partridge W P. New insights on N2O formation pathways during lean/rich cycling of a commercial lean NOx trap catalyst. Catalysis Today, 2014, 231: 145–154
|
| [12] |
Kubiak L, Righini L, Castoldi L, Matarrese R, Forzatti P, Lietti L, Daturi M. Mechanistic aspects of N2O formation over Pt-based lean NOx trap catalysts. Topics in Catalysis, 2016, 59(10–12): 976–981
|
| [13] |
Lietti L, Righini L, Castoldi L, Artioli N, Forzatti P. Labeled 15NO study on N2 and N2O formation over Pt-Ba/Al2O3 NSR catalysts. Topics in Catalysis, 2013, 56(1–8): 7–13
|
| [14] |
Elizundia U, Duraiswami D, Pereda-Ayo B, López-Fonseca R, González-Velasco J R. Controlling the selectivity to N2O over Pt/Ba/Al2O3 NOx storage/reduction catalysts. Catalysis Today, 2011, 176(1): 324–327
|
| [15] |
Masdrag L, Courtois X, Can F, Duprez D. Effect of reducing agent (C3H6, CO, H2) on the NOx conversion and selectivity during representative lean/rich cycles over monometallic platinum-based NSR catalysts. Influence of the support formulation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2014, 146: 12–23
|
| [16] |
Nova I, Castoldi L, Lietti L, Tronconi E, Forzatti P. How to control the selectivity in the reduction of NOx with H2 over Pt-Ba/Al2O3 Lean NOx Trap catalysts. Topics in Catalysis, 2007, 42(1): 21–25
|
| [17] |
Lindholm A, Sjövall H, Olsson L. Reduction of NOx over a combined NSR and SCR system. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 98(3–4): 112–121
|
| [18] |
Bobadilla L F, Marie O, Bazin P, Daturi M. Effect of Pd addition on the efficiency of a NOx-trap catalyst: a FTIR operando study. Catalysis Today, 2013, 205: 24–33
|
| [19] |
Sekiba T, Kimura S, Yamamoto H, Okada A. Development of automotive palladium three-way catalysts. Catalysis Today, 1994, 22(1): 113–126
|
| [20] |
Zhang Q, Lv L, Zhu J, Wang X, Wang J, Shen M. The effect of CO on NO reduction over Pt/Pd-based NSR catalysts at low temperature. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2013, 3(4): 1069–1077
|
| [21] |
Zhu J, Wang J, Wang J, Lv L, Wang X, Shen M. New insights into the N2O formation mechanism over Pt-BaO/Al2O3 model catalysts using H2 as a reductant. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(1): 504–512
|
| [22] |
Wang J, Wang X, Zhu J, Wang J, Shen M. Elucidating N2O formation during the cyclic NOx storage and reduction process using CO as a reductant. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(13): 7965–7973
|
| [23] |
Canton P, Fagherazzi G, Battagliarin M, Menegazzo F, Pinna F, Pernicone N. Pd/CO average chemisorption stoichiometry in highly dispersed supported Pd/g-Al2O3 catalysts. Langmuir, 2002, 18(17): 6530–6535
|
| [24] |
Auvray X, Pingel T, Olsson E, Olsson L. The effect gas composition during thermal aging on the dispersion and NO oxidation activity over Pt/Al2O3 catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2013, 129: 517–527
|
| [25] |
Carlsson P A, Österlund L, Thormählen P, Palmqvist A, Fridell E, Jansson J, Skoglundh M. A transient in situ FTIR and XANES study of CO oxidation over Pt/Al2O3 catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 2004, 226(2): 422–434
|
| [26] |
Amberntsson A, Fridell E, Skoglundh M. Influence of platinum and rhodium composition on the NOx storage and sulphur tolerance of a barium based NOx storage catalyst. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 46(3): 429–439
|
| [27] |
Cant N W, Liu I O, Patterson M J. The effect of proximity between Pt and BaO on uptake, release, and reduction of NOx on storage catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 2006, 243(2): 309–317
|
| [28] |
Kubiak L, Matarrese R, Castoldi L, Lietti L, Daturi M, Forzatti P. Study of N2O formation over Rh- and Pt-based LNT catalysts. Catalysts, 2016, 6(3): 36–51
|
| [29] |
Zorn K, Giorgio S, Halwax E, Henry C R, Grönbeck H, Rupprechter G. CO oxidation on technological Pd-Al2O3 catalysts: oxidation state and activity. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(4): 1103–1111
|
| [30] |
Olsson L, Zhdanov V P, Kasemo B. Role of steps in the NO-CO reaction on the (1 1 1) surface of noble metals. Surface Science, 2003, 529(3): 338–348
|
| [31] |
Hwang C P, Yeh C T. Platinum-oxide species formed by oxidation of platinum crystallites supported on alumina. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 1996, 112(2): 295–302
|
| [32] |
Luo J Y, Meng M, Zha Y Q, Xie Y N, Hu T D, Zhang J, Liu T. A comparative study of Pt/Ba/Al2O3 and Pt/Fe-Ba/Al2O3 NSR catalysts: new insights into the interaction of Pt-Ba and the function of Fe. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 78(1–2): 38–52
|
| [33] |
Zhou R, Zhao B, Yue B. Effects of CeO2-ZrO2 present in Pd/Al2O3 catalysts on the redox behavior of PdOx and their combustion activity. Applied Surface Science, 2008, 254(15): 4701–4707
|
| [34] |
Pisanu A M, Gigola C E. NO decomposition and NO reduction by CO over Pd/a-Al2O3. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1999, 20(3): 179–189
|
| [35] |
Szailer T, Kwak J, Kim D, Hanson J, Peden C, Szanyi J. Reduction of stored NOx on Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/BaO/Al2O3 catalysts with H2 and CO. Journal of Catalysis, 2006, 239(1): 51–64
|
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg