Covering α-Fe2O3 protection layer on the surface of p-Si micropillar array for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance
Jing Gu, Hongtao Yu, Xie Quan, Shuo Chen
Covering α-Fe2O3 protection layer on the surface of p-Si micropillar array for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance
SiMP/α-Fe2O3 improved photoeletrochemical stability of Si.
Optical absorption and photocurrent density of SiMP/α-Fe2O3 improved 2 and 4 times.
Enhanced photogenerated charge separation derived from built-in electric field.
Few papers with respect to the α-Fe2O3-covering-Si photocathode had been published.
The spontaneous oxidation process of pristine silicon (Si) limits its application as photocatalyst or electrode in aqueous solution or moist air. Covering a protection layer on Si surface is an effective approach to overcome this disadvantage. In this paper, α-Fe2O3 is demonstrated to be an excellent alternative as a protection material. α-Fe2O3 layer was deposited around each p-type Si micropillar (SiMP) in well-ordered array by chemical bath deposition method. The diameter of SiMP was 5 mm and the thickness of α-Fe2O3 layer was about 20 nm. The photoeletrochemical stability of SiMP/α-Fe2O3 was proved by 10 circles cyclic voltammetry testing. Compared with SiMP, its optical absorption and photocurrent density improved 2 times and 4 times, respectively, and its onset potential for hydrogen evolution moved positively about 0.4 V. These improved performances could be ascribed to the enhanced photogenerated-charge-separation efficiency deriving from built-in electric field at the interface between Si and α-Fe2O3. The above results show an effective strategy to utilize Si material as photocatalyst or electrode in aqueous solution or moist air.
Si / α-Fe2O3 / Photoelectrochemistry / Photogenerated charge separation
[1] |
Liu J, Cai H, Mei C, Wang M. Effects of nano-silicon and common silicon on lead uptake and translocation in two rice cultivars. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2015, 9(5): 905–911
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[2] |
Liu Q, Wu F, Cao F, Chen L, Xie X, Wang W, Tian W, Li L. A multijunction of ZnIn2S4 nanosheet/TiO2 film/Si nanowire for significant performance enhancement of water splitting. Nano Research, 2015, 8(11): 3524–3534
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[3] |
Walter M G, Warren E L, McKone J R, Boettcher S W, Mi Q, Santori E A, Lewis N S. Solar water splitting cells. Chemical Reviews, 2010, 110(11): 6446–6473
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[4] |
Lewis N S. An integrated, systems approach to the development of solar fuel generators. Interface, 2013, 22(2): 43–49
|
[5] |
Tong G, Guan J, Zhang Q. Goethite hierarchical nanostructures: Glucose-assisted synthesis, chemical conversion into hematite with excellent photocatalytic properties. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2011, 127(1): 371–378
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[6] |
Murphy A B, Barnes P R F, Randeniya L K, Plumb I C, Grey I E, Horne M D, Glasscock J A. Efficiency of solar water splitting using semiconductor electrodes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2006, 31(14): 1999–2017
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[7] |
Wang X, Peng K Q, Hu Y, Zhang F Q, Hu B, Li L, Wang M, Meng X M, Lee S T. Silicon/hematite core/shell nanowire array decorated with gold nanoparticles for unbiased solar water oxidation. Nano Letters, 2014, 14(1): 18–23
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[8] |
Klahr B M, Hamann T W. Voltage dependent photocurrent of thin film hematite electrodes. Applied Physics Letters, 2011, 99(6): 063508
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[9] |
Kay A, Cesar I, Grätzel M. New benchmark for water photooxidation by nanostructured a-Fe2O3 films. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006, 128(49): 15714–15721
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[10] |
Zhao H, Fu W, Yang H, Xu Y, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Chen H, Jing Q, Qi X, Cao J, Zhou X, Li Y. Synthesis and characterization of TiO2/Fe2O3 core–shell nanocomposition film and their photoelectrochemical property. Applied Surface Science, 2011, 257(21): 8778–8783
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[11] |
Jiang C, Liu L, Crittenden J C. An electrochemical process that uses an Fe0/TiO2 cathode to degrade typical dyes and antibiotics and a bio-anode that produces electricity. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2016, 10(4): 1–8
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[12] |
Kazazis D, Guha S, Bojarczuk N A, Zaslavsky A, Kim H C. Substrate Fermi level effects in photocatalysis on oxides: properties of ultrathin TiO2/Si films. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 95(6): 064103
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[13] |
Yu H, Chen S, Quan X, Zhao H, Zhang Y. Silicon nanowire/TiO2 heterojunction arrays for effective photoelectrocatalysis under simulated solar light irradiation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 90(1–2): 242–248
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[14] |
Yoon K H, Shin C W, Kang D H. Photoelectrochemical conversion in a WO3 coated p-Si photoelectrode: effect of annealing temperature. Journal of Applied Physics, 1997, 81(10): 7024–7029
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[15] |
Feng X, Qi X, Li J, Yang L, Qiu M, Yin J, Lu F, Zhong J. Preparation, structure and photo-catalytic performances of hybrid Bi2SiO5 modified Si nanowire arrays. Applied Surface Science, 2011, 257(13): 5571–5575
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[16] |
Hodes G, Thompso L, DuBow J, Rajeshwar K. Heterojunction silicon/indium tin oxide photoelectrodes: development of stable systems in aqueous electrolytes and their applicability to solar energy conversion and storage. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1983, 105(3): 324–330
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[17] |
Tainboli A C, Malhotra M, Kimball G M, Turner-Evans D B, Atwater H A. Confonnal GaP layers on Si wire arrays for solar energy applications. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 97(22): 221914
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[18] |
Kim M S, Yim K G, Kim S, Main G, Leem J. White light emission from nano-fibrous ZnO thin films/porous silicon nanocomposite. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2011, 59(2): 364–370
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[19] |
Hosono E, Fujihara S, Honma I, Ichihara M, Zhou H. Fabrication of nano/micro hierarchical Fe2O3/Ni micrometer-wire structure and characteristics for high rate Li rechargeable battery. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2006, 153(7): A1273–A1278
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[20] |
Künle M, Janz S, Nickel K G, Heidt A, Luysberg M, Eibl O. Annealing of nm-thin Si1−xCx/SiC multilayers. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2013, 115: 11–20
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[21] |
Su C, Li W, Liu X, Huang X, Yu X. Fe-Mn-sepiolite as an effective heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for the decolorization of reactive brilliant blue. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2016, 10(1): 37–45
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[22] |
Wang Y, Cao J, Wang S, Guo X, Zhang J, Xia H, Zhang S, Wu S. Facile synthesis of porous a-Fe2O3 nanorods and their application in ethanol sensors. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112(46): 17804–17808
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[23] |
Ke X, Xu L, Zeng C, Zhang L, Xu N. Synthesis of mesoporous TS-1 by hydrothermal and steam-assisted dry gel conversion techniques with the aid of triethanolamine. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2007, 106(1): 68–75
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[24] |
Hu X, Yu J C, Gong J, Li Q, Li G. a-Fe2O3 Nanorings prepared by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process and their sensing properties. Advanced Materials, 2007, 19(17): 2324–2329
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[25] |
Zhang S, Xu W, Zeng M, Li J, Xu J, Wang X. Hierarchically grown CdS/a-Fe2O3 heterojunction nanocomposites with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England), 2013, 42(37): 13417–13424
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[26] |
Pendlebury S R, Barroso M, Cowan A J, Sivula K, Tang J, Grätzel M, Klug D, Durrant J R. Dynamics of photogenerated holes in nanocrystalline a-Fe2O3 electrodes for water oxidation probed by transient absorption spectroscopy. Chemical Communications, 2011, 47(2): 716–718
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[27] |
Zeng Q, Bai J, Li J, Xia L, Huang K, Li X, Zhou B. A novel in situ preparation method for nanostructured a-Fe2O3 films from electrodeposited Fe films for efficient photoelectrocatalytic water splitting and the degradation of organic pollutants. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2015, 3(8): 4345–4353
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[28] |
Lu N, Quan X, Li J, Chen S, Yu H, Chen G. Fabrication of boron-doped TiO2 nanotube array electrode and investigation of its photoelectrochemical capability. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007, 111(32): 11836–11842
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[29] |
Kudo A, Miseki Y. Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting. Chemical Society Reviews, 2009, 38(1): 253–278
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[30] |
Sze S M, Ng K K. Physics of Semiconductor Devices. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2006
|
[31] |
F01 Committee. Practice for Conversion Between Resistivity and Dopant Density for Boron-Doped, Phosphorus-Doped, and Arsenic-Doped Silicon. Technical Representative, ASTM International, 1999, Available online at http://www.astm.org/Standards
|
[32] |
Xu Y, Schoonen M A A. The absolute energy positions of conduction and valence bands of selected semiconducting minerals. American Mineralogist, 2000, 85(3–4): 543–556
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[33] |
George C, Beeldens A, Barmpas F, Doussin J, Manganelli G, Herrmann H, Kleffmann J, Mellouki A. Impact of photocatalytic remediation of pollutants on urban air quality. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2016, 10(5): 1–11
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
/
〈 | 〉 |