The speciation, leachability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn in animal manure-derived biochar: effect of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature

Qi Lin, Xin Xu, Lihua, Wang, Qian Chen, Jing Fang, Xiaodong Shen, Liping Lou, Guangming Tian

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. ›› 2017, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3) : 5. DOI: 10.1007/s11783-017-0924-8
RESEARCH ARTICLE

The speciation, leachability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn in animal manure-derived biochar: effect of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature

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Highlights

Pyrolysis altered the speciation and lability of Cu/Zn in animal manure.

The predominant species of Cu in two kinds of biochars differed with temperatures.

Temperatures didn’t change the predominant species of Zn in manures and biochars .

The bioaccessibility of Cu/Zn in biochars decreased with pyrolysis temperatures.

The leaching of Cu/Zn with SPLP decreased with pyrolysis temperatures.

Abstract

Biochars derived from animal manures may accumulate potentially toxic metals and cause a potential risk to ecosystem. The synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy, sequential fractionation schemes, bioaccessibility extraction and leaching procedure were performed on poultry and swine manure-derived biochars (denoted PB and SB, respectively) to evaluate the variance of speciation and activity of Cu and Zn as affected by the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. The results showed that Cu speciation was dependent on the feedstock with Cu-citrate-like in swine manure and species resembling Cu-glutathione and CuO in poultry manure. Pyrolyzed products, however, had similar Cu speciation mainly with species resembling Cu-citrate, CuO and CuS/Cu2S. Organic bound Zn and Zn3(PO4)2-like species were dominant in both feedstock and biochars. Both Cu and Zn leaching with synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) decreased greatly with the rise of pyrolysis temperature, which were consistent with the sequential extraction results that pyrolysis converted Cu and Zn into less labile phases such as organic/sulfide and residual fractions. The potential bioaccessibility of Zn decreased for both the PB and SB, closely depending on the content of non-residual Zn. The bioaccessibility of Cu, however, increased for the SB prepared at 300°C–700°C, probably due to the increased proportion of CuO. Concerning the results of sequential fractionation schemes, bioaccessibility extraction and leaching procedure, pyrolysis at 500°C was suggested as means of reducing Cu/Zn lability and poultry manure was more suitable for pyrolysis treatment.

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Keywords

Animal manure / Biochar / Metals / Molecular species / Pyrolysis

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Qi Lin, Xin Xu, Lihua, Wang, Qian Chen, Jing Fang, Xiaodong Shen, Liping Lou, Guangming Tian. The speciation, leachability and bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn in animal manure-derived biochar: effect of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(3): 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0924-8

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Acknowledgements

This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41371320, 21677123 and 41371447). We thank the staff members from the beamline (4W1B, 1W1B) at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF), and beamline (15U) at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) for their support for XAS study.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0924-8 and is accessible for authorized users.

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