Microbial fuel cell with high content solid wastes as substrates: a review

Abstract

Fundamentals and configuration design of MFCs fueled by HCSW were reviewed.

HCSWs including sewage sludge, biomass and biowaste treated in MFCs were summarized.

HCSW based MFCs technologies covered the types of sediment, soil, wetland and plant.

Activated sludge process and composting could be coupled with HCSW-MFCs.

HCSW-MFCs could be applied in bioremediation and biosensing.

With the increasing concern about the serious global energy crisis and high energy consumption during high content solid wastes (HCSWs) treatment, microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been recognized as a promising resource utilization approach for HCSW stabilization with simultaneous electrical energy recovery. In contrast to the conventional HCSW stabilization processes, MFC has its unique advantages such as direct bio-energy conversion in a single step and mild reaction conditions (viz., ambient temperature, normal pressure, and neutral pH). This review mainly introduces some important aspects of electricity generation from HCSW and its stabilization in MFC, focusing on: (1) MFCs with different fundamentals and configurations designed and constructed to produce electricity from HCSW; (2) performance of wastes degradation and electricity generation; (3) prospect and deficiency posed by MFCs with HCSW as substrates. To date, the major drawback of MFCs fueled by HCSW is the lower power output than those using simple substrates. HCSW hydrolysis and decomposition would be a major tool to improve the performance of MFCs. The optimization of parameters is needed to push the progress of MFCs with HCSW as fuel.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Microbial fuel cell / High content solid wastes / Substrate / Bioremediation / Biosensor

References

[1] Yang G, Zhang G, Wang H. Current state of sludge production, management, treatment and disposal in China. Water Research, 2015, 78: 60–73

[2] Wang X, Feng Y, Wang H, Qu Y, Yu Y, Ren N, Li N, Wang E, Lee H, Logan B E. Bioaugmentation for electricity generation from corn stover biomass using microbial fuel cells. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009, 43(15): 6088–6093

[3] Hassan S H A, El-Rab S M F G, Rahimnejad M, Ghasemi M, Joo J, Sik-Ok Y, Kim I S, Oh S. Electricity generation from rice straw using a microbial fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(17): 9490–9496

[4] Zhang Y, Min B, Huang L, Angelidaki I. Generation of electricity and analysis of microbial communities in wheat straw biomass-powered microbial fuel cells. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009, 75(11): 3389–3395

[5] Butkovskyi A, Ni G, Hernandez Leal L, Rijnaarts H H M, Zeeman G. Mitigation of micropollutants for black water application in agriculture via composting of anaerobic sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016, 303: 41–47

[6] Katami T, Yasuhara A, Shibamoto T. Formation of dioxins from incineration of foods found in domestic garbage. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004, 38(4): 1062–1065

[7] Chon D H, Rome M, Kim Y M, Park K Y, Park C. Investigation of the sludge reduction mechanism in the anaerobic side-stream reactor process using several control biological wastewater treatment processes. Water Research, 2011, 45(18): 6021–6029

[8] Oh S T, Kim J R, Premier G C, Lee T H, Kim C, Sloan W T. Sustainable wastewater treatment: how might microbial fuel cells contribute. Biotechnology Advances, 2010, 28(6): 871–881

[9] Mohan S V, Velvizhi G, Modestra J A, Srikanth S. Microbial fuel cell: critical factors regulating bio-catalyzed electrochemical process and recent advancements. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 40: 779–797

[10] Dentel S K, Strogen B, Chiu P. Direct generation of electricity from sludges and other liquid wastes. Water Science and Technology, 2004, 50(9): 161–168

[11] Lu Z, Chang D, Ma J, Huang G, Cai L, Zhang L. Behavior of metal ions in bioelectrochemical systems: a review. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 275: 243–260

[12] Lu L, Yazdi H, Jin S, Zuo Y, Fallgren P H, Ren Z J. Enhanced bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil using pilot-scale bioelectrochemical systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014, 274: 8–15

[13] Md Khudzari J, Tartakovsky B, Raghavan G S V. Effect of C/N ratio and salinity on power generation in compost microbial fuel cells. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 2016, 48: 135–142

[14] Scott K, Murano C. A study of a microbial fuel cell battery using manure sludge waste. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2007, 82(9): 809–817

[15] Zhang G, Zhao Q, Jiao Y, Wang K, Lee D J, Ren N. Efficient electricity generation from sewage sludge using biocathode microbial fuel cell. Water Research, 2012, 46(1): 43–52

[16] Meng F, Jiang J, Zhao Q, Wang K, Zhang G, Fan Q, Wei L, Ding J, Zheng Z. Bioelectrochemical desalination and electricity generation in microbial desalination cell with dewatered sludge as fuel. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 157: 120–126

[17] Yu J, Park Y, Lee T. Effect of separator and inoculum type on electricity generation and microbial community in single-chamber microbial fuel cells. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2014, 37(4): 667–675

[18] Mei X, Guo C, Liu B, Tang Y, Xing D. Shaping of bacterial community structure in microbial fuel cells by different inocula. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(95): 78136–78141

[19] Kondaveeti S, Choi K S, Kakarla R, Min B. Microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus as renewable biomass feedstock for electricity generation in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2014, 8(5): 784–791

[20] Wang N, Chen Z, Li H, Su J, Zhao F, Zhu Y. Bacterial community composition at anodes of microbial fuel cells for paddy soils: the effects of soil properties. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015, 15(4): 926–936

[21] Sun Y, Wei J, Liang P, Huang X. Microbial community analysis in biocathode microbial fuel cells packed with different materials. AMB Express, 2012, 2(1): 21

[22] Zhang G, Wang K, Zhao Q, Jiao Y, Lee D J. Effect of cathode types on long-term performance and anode bacterial communities in microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 118: 249–256

[23] Jiang J, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Zhang G, Lee D J. Electricity generation from bio-treatment of sewage sludge with microbial fuel cell. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(23): 5808–5812

[24] Karthikeyan R, Selvam A, Cheng K Y, Wong J W. Influence of ionic conductivity in bioelectricity production from saline domestic sewage sludge in microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 200: 845–852

[25] Behera M, Ghangrekar M M. Performance of microbial fuel cell in response to change in sludge loading rate at different anodic feed pH. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(21): 5114–5121

[26] Martin E, Savadogo O, Guiot S R, Tartakovsky B. The influence of operational conditions on the performance of a microbial fuel cell seeded with mesophilic anaerobic sludge. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 51(3): 132–139

[27] Zhang Y, Olias L G, Kongjan P, Angelidaki I. Submersible microbial fuel cell for electricity production from sewage sludge. Water Science and Technology, 2011, 64(1): 50–55

[28] Oh S E, Yoon J Y, Gurung A, Kim D J. Evaluation of electricity generation from ultrasonic and heat/alkaline pretreatment of different sludge types using microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 165: 21–26

[29] Wang Z, Ma J, Xu Y, Yu H, Wu Z. Power production from different types of sewage sludge using microbial fuel cells: a comparative study with energetic and microbiological perspectives. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 235: 280–288

[30] Jiang J Q, Zhao Q L, Wang K, Wei L L, Zhang G D, Zhang J N. Effect of ultrasonic and alkaline pretreatment on sludge degradation and electricity generation by microbial fuel cell. Water Science and Technology, 2010, 61(11): 2915–2921

[31] Yusoff M Z M, Hu A, Feng C, Maeda T, Shirai Y, Hassan M A, Yu C P. Influence of pretreated activated sludge for electricity generation in microbial fuel cell application. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 145: 90–96

[32] Jayashree C, Janshi G, Yeom I T, Kumar S A, Banu J R. Effect of low temperature thermo-chemical pretreatment of dairy waste activated sludge on the performance of microbial fuel cell. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2014, 9: 5732–5742

[33] Yang F, Ren L, Pu Y, Logan B E. Electricity generation from fermented primary sludge using single-chamber air-cathode microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 128: 784–787

[34] Chen Y, Jiang J, Zhao Q. Freezing/thawing effect on sewage sludge degradation and electricity generation in microbial fuel cell. Water Science and Technology, 2014, 70(3): 444–449

[35] Xiao B, Yang F, Liu J. Enhancing simultaneous electricity production and reduction of sewage sludge in two-chamber MFC by aerobic sludge digestion and sludge pretreatments. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 189(1-2): 444–449

[36] Fischer F, Bastian C, Happe M, Mabillard E, Schmidt N. Microbial fuel cell enables phosphate recovery from digested sewage sludge as struvite. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(10): 5824–5830

[37] Happe M, Sugnaux M, Cachelin C P, Stauffer M, Zufferey G, Kahoun T, Salamin P A, Egli T, Comninellis C, Grogg A F, Fischer F. Scale-up of phosphate remobilization from sewage sludge in a microbial fuel cell. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 200: 435–443

[38] Ghadge A N, Jadhav D A, Pradhan H, Ghangrekar M M. Enhancing waste activated sludge digestion and power production using hypochlorite as catholyte in clayware microbial fuel cell. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 182: 225–231

[39] Jiang J, Zhao Q, Wei L, Wang K, Lee D J. Degradation and characteristic changes of organic matter in sewage sludge using microbial fuel cell with ultrasound pretreatment. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(1 1SI): 272–277

[40] Jiang J, Zhao Q, Wei L, Wang K. Extracellular biological organic matters in microbial fuel cell using sewage sludge as fuel. Water Research, 2010, 44(7): 2163–2170

[41] Zhao G, Ma F, Wei L, Chua H, Chang C C, Zhang X J. Electricity generation from cattle dung using microbial fuel cell technology during anaerobic acidogenesis and the development of microbial populations. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 2012, 32(9): 1651–1658

[42] Xue S, Zhao Q, Wei L, Jia T. Trihalomethane formation potential of organic fractions in secondary effluent. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 2008, 20(5): 520–527

[43] Li H, Tian Y, Zuo W, Zhang J, Pan X, Li L, Su X. Electricity generation from food wastes and characteristics of organic matters in microbial fuel cell. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 205: 104–110

[44] Di Palma L, Geri A, Maccioni M, Paoletti C, Petroni G, Di Battista A, Varrone C. Experimental Assessment of a Process Including Microbial Fuel Cell for Nitrogen Removal from Digestate of Anaerobic Treatment of Livestock Manure and Agricultural Wastes. Chemical Engineering Transactions: AIDIC, 2015, 43: 2239–2244

[45] Zheng X, Nirmalakhandan N. Cattle wastes as substrates for bioelectricity production via microbial fuel cells. Biotechnology Letters, 2010, 32(12): 1809–1814

[46] Lee Y, Nirmalakhandan N. Electricity production in membrane-less microbial fuel cell fed with livestock organic solid waste. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(10): 5831–5835

[47] Mohan S V, Chandrasekhar K. Solid phase microbial fuel cell (SMFC) for harnessing bioelectricity from composite food waste fermentation: influence of electrode assembly and buffering capacity. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(14): 7077–7085

[48] Cercado-Quezada B, Delia M, Bergel A. Treatment of dairy wastes with a microbial anode formed from garden compost. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2010, 40(2): 225–232

[49] Blanchet E, Desmond E, Erable B, Bridier A, Bouchez T, Bergel A. Comparison of synthetic medium and wastewater used as dilution medium to design scalable microbial anodes: Application to food waste treatment. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 185: 106–115

[50] Zhang G, Zhao Q, Jiao Y, Lee D J. Long-term operation of manure-microbial fuel cell. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 180: 365–369

[51] Bridier A, Desmond-Le Quemener E, Bureau C, Champigneux P, Renvoise L, Audic J M, Blanchet E, Bergel A, Bouchez T. Successive bioanode regenerations to maintain efficient current production from biowaste. Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2015, 106(Pt A): 133–140

[52] Lakaniemi A, Tuovinen O H, Puhakka J A. Production of electricity and butanol from microalgal biomass in microbial fuel cells. BioEnergy Research, 2012, 5(2): 481–491

[53] Wang H, Lu L, Liu D, Cui F, Wang P. Characteristic changes in algal organic matter derived from Microcystis aeruginosa in microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 195: 25–30

[54] Wang H, Lu L, Cui F, Liu D, Zhao Z, Xu Y. Simultaneous bioelectrochemical degradation of algae sludge and energy recovery in microbial fuel cells. RSC Advances, 2012, 2(18): 7228–7234

[55] Zhao J, Li X, Ren Y, Wang X, Jian C. Electricity generation from Taihu Lake cyanobacteria by sediment microbial fuel cells. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2012, 87(11): 1567–1573

[56] Reimers C E, Girguis P, Stecher H A I, Tender L M, Ryckelynck N, Whaling P. Microbial fuel cell energy from an ocean cold seep. Geobiology, 2006, 4(2): 123–136

[57] Zhang Y, Angelidaki I. Self-stacked submersible microbial fuel cell (SSMFC) for improved remote power generation from lake sediments. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2012, 35(1): 265–270

[58] Zhao S, Li Y, Yin H, Liu Z, Luan E, Zhao F, Tang Z, Liu S. Three-dimensional graphene/Pt nanoparticle composites as freestanding anode for enhancing performance of microbial fuel cells. Science Advances, 2015, 1(10): e1500372

[59] Hong S W, Kim H S, Chung T H. Alteration of sediment organic matter in sediment microbial fuel cells. Environmental Pollution, 2010, 158(1): 185–191

[60] Morris J M, Jin S. Enhanced biodegradation of hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments using microbial fuel cells. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, 213-214: 474–477

[61] Song T S, Jiang H L. Effects of sediment pretreatment on the performance of sediment microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(22): 10465–10470

[62] Rezaei F, Richard T L, Brennan R A, Logan B E. Substrate-enhanced microbial fuel cells for improved remote power generation from sediment-based systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 2007, 41(11): 4053–4058

[63] Sajana T K, Ghangrekar M M, Mitra A. Effect of presence of cellulose in the freshwater sediment on the performance of sediment microbial fuel cell. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 155: 84–90

[64] Xia C, Xu M, Liu J, Guo J, Yang Y. Sediment microbial fuel cell prefers to degrade organic chemicals with higher polarity. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 190: 420–423

[65] Xu X, Zhao Q L, Wu M S. Improved biodegradation of total organic carbon and polychlorinated biphenyls for electricity generation by sediment microbial fuel cell and surfactant addition. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(77): 62534–62538

[66] Jeon H J, Seo K W, Lee S H, Yang Y H, Kumaran R S, Kim S, Hong S W, Choi Y S, Kim H J. Production of algal biomass (Chlorella vulgaris) using sediment microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 109: 308–311 doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.039

[67] Zhou Y L, Jiang H L, Cai H Y. To prevent the occurrence of black water agglomerate through delaying decomposition of cyanobacterial bloom biomass by sediment microbial fuel cell. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 287: 7–15

[68] Wolińska A, Stępniewska Z, Bielecka A, Ciepielski J. Bioelectricity production from soil using microbial fuel cells. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014, 173(8): 2287–2296

[69] Deng H, Wu Y, Zhang F, Huang Z, Chen Z, Xu H, Zhao F. Factors affecting the performance of single-chamber soil microbial fuel cells for power generation. Pedosphere, 2014, 24(3): 330–338

[70] Domínguez-Garay A, Berná A, Ortiz-Bernad I, Esteve-Núñez A. Silica colloid formation enhances performance of sediment microbial fuel cells in a low conductivity soil. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(4): 2117–2122

[71] Logrono W, Ramirez G, Recalde C, Echeverria M, Cunachib A. Bioelectricity generation from vegetables and fruits wastes by using single chamber microbial fuel cells with high Andean soils. Clean. Energy Procedia: Elsevier, 2015, 75: 2009–2014

[72] Doherty L, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Hu Y, Hao X, Xu L, Liu R. A review of a recently emerged technology: Constructed wetland—Microbial fuel cells. Water Research, 2015, 85: 38–45

[73] Zhao Y, Collum S, Phelan M, Goodbody T, Doherty L, Hu Y. Preliminary investigation of constructed wetland incorporating microbial fuel cell: batch and continuous flow trials. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 229: 364–370

[74] Doherty L, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Wang W. Nutrient and organics removal from swine slurry with simultaneous electricity generation in an alum sludge-based constructed wetland Incorporating microbial fuel cell technology. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 266: 74–81

[75] Doherty L, Zhao Y. Operating a two-stage microbial fuel cell-constructed wetland for fuller wastewater treatment and more efficient electricity generation. Water Science and Technology, 2015, 72(3): 421–428

[76] Corbella C, Guivernau M, Viñas M, Puigagut J. Operational, design and microbial aspects related to power production with microbial fuel cells implemented in constructed wetlands. Water Research, 2015, 84: 232–242

[77] Kouzuma A, Kaku N, Watanabe K. Microbial electricity generation in rice paddy fields: recent advances and perspectives in rhizosphere microbial fuel cells. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014, 98(23): 9521–9526

[78] Timmers R A, Strik D P B T, Hamelers H V M, Buisman C J N. Electricity generation by a novel design tubular plant microbial fuel cell. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2013, 51: 60–67

[79] Timmers R A, Strik D P B T, Hamelers H V M, Buisman C J N. Long-term performance of a plant microbial fuel cell with Spartina anglica. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2010, 86(3): 973–981

[80] Helder M, Strik D P B T, Hamelers H V M, Kuijken R C P, Buisman C J N. New plant-growth medium for increased power output of the Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 104: 417–423

[81] Moqsud M A, Yoshitake J, Bushra Q S, Hyodo M, Omine K, Strik D. Compost in plant microbial fuel cell for bioelectricity generation. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 2015, 36: 63–69

[82] De Schamphelaire L, Van den Bossche L, Dang H S, Höfte M, Boon N, Rabaey K, Verstraete W. Microbial fuel cells generating electricity from rhizodeposits of rice plants. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(8): 3053–3058

[83] Zhou Y, Wu H, Yan Z, Cai H, Jiang H. The enhanced survival of submerged macrophyte Potamogeton malaianus by sediment microbial fuel cells. Ecological Engineering, 2016, 87: 254–262

[84] van Loosdrecht M C M, Brdjanovic D. Anticipating the next century of wastewater treatment. Science, 2014, 344(6191): 1452–1453

[85] Liu X W, Wang Y P, Huang Y X, Sun X F, Sheng G P, Zeng R J, Li F, Dong F, Wang S G, Tong Z H, Yu H Q. Integration of a microbial fuel cell with activated sludge process for energy-saving wastewater treatment: taking a sequencing batch reactor as an example. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2011, 108(6): 1260–1267

[86] Gajaraj S, Hu Z. Integration of microbial fuel cell techniques into activated sludge wastewater treatment processes to improve nitrogen removal and reduce sludge production. Chemosphere, 2014, 117: 151–157

[87] Yoshizawa T, Miyahara M, Kouzuma A, Watanabe K. Conversion of activated-sludge reactors to microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment coupled to electricity generation. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2014, 118(5): 533–539

[88] Xie B, Dong W, Liu B, Liu H. Enhancement of pollutants removal from real sewage by embedding microbial fuel cell in anaerobic-anoxic-oxic wastewater treatment process. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2014, 89(3): 448–454

[89] Gong D, Qin G. Treatment of oilfield wastewater using a microbial fuel cell integrated with an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2012, 49(1–3): 272–280

[90] Yang P, Chen T, Li H. Aerobic granular sludge stabilization in biocathode chamber of newly constructed continue flow microbial fuel cell system treating synthetic and pharmaceutical wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2016, 57(8): 3414–3423

[91] Li Z, Lu H, Ren L, He L. Experimental and modeling approaches for food waste composting: a review. Chemosphere, 2013, 93(7): 1247–1257

[92] Hao R, Lu A, Wang G. Crude-oil-degrading thermophilic bacterium isolated from an oil field. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2004, 50(3): 175–182

[93] Lee I B, Kim P J, Chang K W. Evaluation of stability of compost prepared with Korean food wastes. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2002, 48(1): 1–8

[94] Yu H, Jiang J, Zhao Q, Wang K, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Hao X. Bioelectrochemically-assisted anaerobic composting process enhancing compost maturity of dewatered sludge with synchronous electricity generation. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 193: 1–7

[95] Wang C, Lee Y, Liao F. Effect of composting parameters on the power performance of solid microbial fuel cells. Sustainability, 2015, 7(9): 12634–12643

[96] Parot S, Delia M, Bergel A. Acetate to enhance electrochemical activity of biofilms from garden compost. Electrochimica Acta, 2008, 53(6): 2737–2742

[97] Wang C, Liao F, Liu K. Electrical analysis of compost solid phase microbial fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38(25): 11124–11130

[98] Li W W, Yu H Q. Stimulating sediment bioremediation with benthic microbial fuel cells. Biotechnology Advances, 2015, 33(1): 1–12

[99] Wang X, Cai Z, Zhou Q, Zhang Z, Chen C. Bioelectrochemical stimulation of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in saline soil using U-tube microbial fuel cells. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2012, 109(2): 426–433

[100] Mohan S V, Chandrasekhar K. Self-induced bio-potential and graphite electron accepting conditions enhances petroleum sludge degradation in bio-electrochemical system with simultaneous power generation. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(20): 9532–9541

[101] Sherafatmand M, Ng H Y. Using sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) for bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Bioresource Technology, 2015, 195: 122–130

[102] Huang D, Zhou S, Chen Q, Zhao B, Yuan Y, Zhuang L. Enhanced anaerobic degradation of organic pollutants in a soil microbial fuel cell. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 172(2–3): 647–653

[103] Cao X, Song H L, Yu C Y, Li X N. Simultaneous degradation of toxic refractory organic pesticide and bioelectricity generation using a soil microbial fuel cell. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 189: 87–93

[104] Wang C, Deng H, Zhao F. The remediation of Chromium (VI)—Contaminated soils using microbial fuel cells. Soil & Sediment Contamination, 2016, 25(1): 1–12 doi:10.1080/15320383.2016.1085833

[105] Ryu E Y, Kim M, Lee S J. Characterization of microbial fuel cells enriched using Cr(VI)-containing sludge. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011, 21(2): 187–191

[106] Li X, Wang X, Ren Z J, Zhang Y, Li N, Zhou Q. Sand amendment enhances bioelectrochemical remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Chemosphere, 2015, 141: 62–70

[107] Zhang Y, Wang X, Li X, Cheng L, Wan L, Zhou Q. Horizontal arrangement of anodes of microbial fuel cells enhances remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2015, 22(3): 2335–2341

[108] Habibul N, Hu Y, Wang Y K, Chen W, Yu H Q, Sheng G P. Bioelectrochemical Chromium(VI) removal in plant-microbial fuel cells. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50(7): 3882–3889

[109] Yang H, Zhou M, Liu M, Yang W, Gu T. Microbial fuel cells for biosensor applications. Biotechnology Letters, 2015, 37(12): 2357–2364

[110] Sun J Z, Peter Kingori G, Si R W, Zhai D D, Liao Z H, Sun D Z, Zheng T, Yong Y C. Microbial fuel cell-based biosensors for environmental monitoring: a review. Water Science and Technology, 2015, 71(6): 801–809

[111] `Khater D Z, El-Khatib K M, Hazaa M M, Hassan R Y A. Development of bioelectrochemical system for monitoring the biodegradation performance of activated sludge. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2015, 175(7): 3519–3530

[112] Liu Z, Liu J, Li B, Zhang Y, Xing X. Focusing on the process diagnosis of anaerobic fermentation by a novel sensor system combining microbial fuel cell, gas flow meter and pH meter. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(25): 13658–13664

[113] Ma J, Wang Z, Zhu C, Xu Y, Wu Z. Electrogenesis reduces the combustion efficiency of sewage sludge. Applied Energy, 2014, 114(SI): 283–289

[114] Touch N, Hibino T, Nagatsu Y, Tachiuchi K. Characteristics of electricity generation and biodegradation in tidal river sludge-used microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 158: 225–230

[115] Jiang J Q, Zhao Q L, Wang K, Wei L L, Zhang G D, Zhang J N. Effect of ultrasonic and alkaline pretreatment on sludge degradation and electricity generation by microbial fuel cell. Water Science and Technology, 2010, 61(11): 2915–2921

[116] Sui P, Nishimura F, Nagare H, Hidaka T, Nakagawa Y, Tsuno H. Behavior of inorganic elements during sludge ozonation and their effects on sludge solubilization. Water Research, 2011, 45(5): 2029–2037

[117] Gardoni D, Ficara E, Fornarelli R, Parolini M, Canziani R. Long-term effects of the ozonation of the sludge recycling stream on excess sludge reduction and biomass activity at full-scale. Water Science and Technology, 2011, 63(9): 2032–2038

[118] Chen W, Jia Y Y, Zheng W, Li X M, Zhou J, Yang Q, Luo K. Influence of extracellular polymeric substance on enzyme hydrolysis of sludge under anaerobic condition. Environmental Sciences, 2011, 32(8): 2334–2339 (in Chinese)

[119] Sa Da Rocha O R, Dantas R F, Menezes B, Duarte M M. Sludge treatment by photocatalysis applying black and white light. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 157(1): 80–85

[120] Wang L, Ma J, Liu T Z, Li C M, Zhang H Y. Efficacy of ferrate oxidation and hydrolyze remnant activated sludge. Environmental Sciences, 2011, 32(7): 2019–2022 (in Chinese)

[121] Yu Y, Chan W I, Liao P H, Lo K V. Disinfection and solubilization of sewage sludge using the microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 181(1-3): 1143–1147

[122] Zhang Y, Angelidaki I. Innovative self-powered submersible microbial electrolysis cell (SMEC) for biohydrogen production from anaerobic reactors. Water Research, 2012, 46(8): 2727–2736

[123] Zhang Y, Angelidaki I. Microbial electrolysis cells turning to be versatile technology: recent advances and future challenges. Water Research, 2014, 56: 11–25

[124] Xiao B, Han Y, Liu X, Liu J. Relationship of methane and electricity production in two-chamber microbial fuel cell using sewage sludge as substrate. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(29): 16419–16425

[125] Gao C, Wang A, Wu W M, Yin Y, Zhao Y G. Enrichment of anodic biofilm inoculated with anaerobic or aerobic sludge in single chambered air-cathode microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 167: 124–132

[126] Yoshizawa T, Miyahara M, Kouzuma A, Watanabe K. Conversion of activated-sludge reactors to microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment coupled to electricity generation. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2014, 118(5): 533–539

[127] Li X M, Cheng K Y, Selvam A, Wong J W C. Bioelectricity production from acidic food waste leachate using microbial fuel cells: Effect of microbial inocula. Process Biochemistry, 2013, 48(2): 283–288

[128] Jia J, Tang Y, Liu B, Wu D, Ren N, Xing D. Electricity generation from food wastes and microbial community structure in microbial fuel cells. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 144: 94–99

[129] Zhang G, Zhao Q, Jiao Y, Wang K, Lee D J, Ren N. Biocathode microbial fuel cell for efficient electricity recovery from dairy manure. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2012, 31(1): 537–543

[130] Vilajeliu-Pons A, Puig S, Pous N, Salcedo-Dávila I, Bañeras L, Balaguer M D, Colprim J. Microbiome characterization of MFCs used for the treatment of swine manure. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 288: 60–68

[131] Miran W, Nawaz M, Jang J, Lee D S. Conversion of orange peel waste biomass to bioelectricity using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 547: 197–205

[132] Lakaniemi A M, Tuovinen O H, Puhakka J A. Anaerobic conversion of microalgal biomass to sustainable energy carriers: a review. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 135: 222–231

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer–Verlag Berlin Heidelberg