Benzene degradation in waste gas by photolysis and photolysis-ozonation: experiments and modeling

Abstract

A photochemical model of benzene degradation compares well with experimental data obtained in the Lab.

62 reactions were needed to fully describe benzene degradation.

A feasibility study shows that the photolysis of benzene is a cost-effective process.

Experimental data and modeling results show that the degradation efficiency will increase when the combination of UV light and ozone is used.

The degradation of benzene, a carcinogenic air pollutant, was studied in a gas-phase photochemical reactor with an amalgam lamp emitting ultraviolet light at 185 and 254 nm. Efficient benzene degradation (>70%) was possible for benzene mass flow rates of up to 1.5 mg·min⁻¹. Adding ozone allowed benzene mass flow rates of up to 5 mg·min⁻¹ to be treated with the same efficiency. In terms of energy consumption, ozone doubles the efficiency of the process. A comprehensive mechanistic simulation model was developed incorporating a chemical kinetics model (62 reactions involving 47 chemical species), a material balance model incorporating diffusion and flow, a flow velocity model, and a light field model. The model successfully predicted the efficiency of the reactor, generally within 20%, which indicates that the model is sound, and can be used for feasibility studies. The prediction of the reactor efficiency in the presence of ozone was less successful, with systematically overestimated efficiency. Condensation of reaction products in the reactor is thought to be the main cause of model inaccuracy. Both experimental data and model predictions show that there is a synergistic effect between ozonation and ultraviolet degradation.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Photolysis / Ozone / Benzene / Waste gas / Simulation / Synergism

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Acknowledgements

The Petroleum Technology Alliance of Canada (PTAC) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) are acknowledged for financial support.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-016-0876-4 and is accessible for authorized users.

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2016 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg