Microbial community structure and dynamics of starch-fed and glucose-fed chemostats during two years of continuous operation
Min GOU, Jing ZENG, Huizhong WANG, Yueqin TANG, Toru SHIGEMATSU, Shigeru MORIMURA, Kenji KIDA
Microbial community structure and dynamics of starch-fed and glucose-fed chemostats during two years of continuous operation
The microbial community structures of two mesophilic anaerobic chemostats, one fed with glucose, the other with starch as sole carbon sources, were studied at various dilution rates (0.05–0.25 d−1 for glucose and 0.025–0.1 d−1 for starch) during two years continuous operation. In the glucose-fed chemostat, the aceticlastic methanogen Methanosaeta spp. and hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanoculleus spp. predominated at low dilution rates, whereas Methanosaeta spp. and the hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium spp. predominated together when dilution rates were greater than 0.1 d−1. Bacteria affiliated with the phyla Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Actinobacteria predominated at dilution rates of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 d−1, respectively, while Firmicutes predominated at higher dilution rates (0.2 and 0.25 d−1). In the starch-fed chemostat, the aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens coexisted at all dilution rates. Although bacteria belonging to only two phyla were mainly responsible for starch degradation (Spirochaetes at the dilution rate of 0.08 d−1 and Firmicutes at other dilution rates), different bacterial genera were identified at different dilution rates. With the exception of Archaea in the glucose-fed chemostat, the band patterns revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the microbial communities in the two chemostats displayed marked changes during long-term operation at a constant dilution rate. The bacterial community changed with changes in the dilution rate, and was erratic during long-term operation in both glucose-fed and starch-fed chemostats.
microbial community / glucose degradation / starch degradation / dilution rate / continuous methane fermentation / phylogenetic analysis
[1] |
Tang S Y, Dai Y Z, Liu Z Y. Food Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2001 (in Chinese)
|
[2] |
Abbasi T, Tauseef S M, Abbasi S A. Anaerobic digestion for global warming control and energy generation—An overview. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012, 16(5): 3228–3242
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[3] |
Ito T, Yoshiguchi K, Ariesyady H D, Okabe S. Identification and quantification of key microbial trophic groups of methanogenic glucose degradation in an anaerobic digester sludge. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 123: 599–607
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[4] |
Fernández A, Huang S, Seston S, Xing J, Hickey R, Criddle C, Tiedje J. How stable is stable? Function versus community composition. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999, 65(8): 3697–3704
Pubmed
|
[5] |
Yu Z T, Schanbacher F L. Production of methane biogas as fuel through anaerobic digestion. In: Singh OV, Harvey SP, eds. Sustainable Biotechnology. Netherlands: Springer, 2010, 106–127
|
[6] |
Ferry J G. Fermentation of acetate. In: Ferry JG, ed. Methanogenesis: Ecology, Physiology, Biochemistry & Genetics. New York: Springer, 1993, 304–334
|
[7] |
Cheng C H, Hung C H, Lee K S, Liau P Y, Liang C M, Yang L H, Lin P J, Lin C Y. Microbial community structure of a starch-feeding fermentative hydrogen production reactor operated under different incubation conditions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2008, 33(19): 5242–5249
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[8] |
Angenent L T, Karim K, Al-Dahhan M H, Wrenn B A, Domíguez-Espinosa R. Production of bioenergy and biochemicals from industrial and agricultural wastewater. Trends in Biotechnology, 2004, 22(9): 477–485
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[9] |
Ahring B K, Ibrahim A A, Mladenovska Z. Effect of temperature increase from 55 to 65°C on performance and microbial population dynamics of an anaerobic reactor treating cattle manure. Water Research, 2001, 35(10): 2446–2452
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[10] |
Hori T, Haruta S, Ueno Y, Ishii M, Igarashi Y. Dynamic transition of a methanogenic population in response to the concentration of volatile fatty acids in a thermophilic anaerobic digester. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006, 72(2): 1623–1630
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[11] |
Shigematsu T, Era S, Mizuno Y, Ninomiya K, Kamegawa Y, Morimura S, Kida K. Microbial community of a mesophilic propionate-degrading methanogenic consortium in chemostat cultivation analyzed based on 16S rRNA and acetate kinase genes. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2006, 72(2): 401–415
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[12] |
Tang Y Q, Shigematsu T, Morimura S, Kida K. Effect of dilution rate on the microbial structure of a mesophilic butyrate-degrading methanogenic community during continuous cultivation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2007, 75(2): 451–465
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[13] |
Ovreås L, Forney L, Daae F L, Torsvik V. Distribution of bacterioplankton in meromictic Lake Saelenvannet, as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified gene fragments coding for 16S rRNA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1997, 63(9): 3367–3373
Pubmed
|
[14] |
Tang Y Y, Shigematsu T, Ikbal, Morimura S, Kida K. The effects of micro-aeration on the phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms in a thermophilic anaerobic municipal solid-waste digester. Water Research, 2004, 38(10): 2537–2550
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[15] |
Huber T, Faulkner G, Hugenholtz P. Bellerophon: a program to detect chimeric sequences in multiple sequence alignments. Bioinformatics, 2004, 20(14): 2317–2319
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[16] |
Thompson J D, Gibson T J, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins D G. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research, 1997, 25(24): 4876–4882
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[17] |
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2007, 24(8): 1596–1599
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[18] |
Bräuer S L, Cadillo-Quiroz H, Yashiro E, Yavitt J B, Zinder S H. Isolation of a novel acidiphilic methanogen from an acidic peat bog. Nature, 2006, 442(7099): 192–194
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[19] |
Zellner G, Messner P, Winter J, Stackebrandt E. Methanoculleus palmolei sp. nov., an irregularly coccoid methanogen from an anaerobic digester treating wastewater of a palm oil plant in north-Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1998, 48(4): 1111–1117
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[20] |
Tarasov A L, Borzenkov I A, Chernyh N A, Belyaev S S. Isolation and investigation of anaerobic microorganisms involved in methanol transformation in an underground gas storage facility. Mikrobiologiia, 2011, 80(2): 184–191
|
[21] |
Rivière D, Desvignes V, Pelletier E, Chaussonnerie S, Guermazi S, Weissenbach J, Li T, Camacho P, Sghir A. Towards the definition of a core of microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion of sludge. ISME Journal, 2009, 3(6): 700–714
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[22] |
Rattanachomsri U, Kanokratana P, Eurwilaichitr L, Igarashi Y, Champreda V. Culture-independent phylogenetic analysis of the microbial community in industrial sugarcane bagasse feedstock piles. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2011, 75(2): 232–239
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[23] |
Allen-Vercoe E, Daigneault M, White A, Panaccione R, Duncan S H, Flint H J, O’Neal L, Lawson P A. Anaerostipes hadrus comb. nov., a dominant species within the human colonic microbiota; reclassification of Eubacterium hadrum Moore et al. 1976. Anaerobe, 2012, 18(5): 523–529
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[24] |
Jiménez N, Barcenilla J M, de Felipe F L, de Las Rivas B, Muñoz R. Characterization of a bacterial tannase from Streptococcus gallolyticus UCN34 suitable for tannin biodegradation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014, 98(14): 6329–6337
Pubmed
|
[25] |
Briones A M, Daugherty B J, Angenent L T, Rausch K D, Tumbleson M E, Raskin L. Microbial diversity and dynamics in multi- and single-compartment anaerobic bioreactors processing sulfate-rich waste streams. Environmental Microbiology, 2007, 9(1): 93–106
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[26] |
Zhang P, Chen Y G, Zhou Q, Zheng X, Zhu X Y, Zhao Y X. Understanding short-chain fatty acids accumulation enhanced in waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation: kinetics and microbiology. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(24): 9343–9348
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[27] |
Krakat N, Schmidt S, Scherer P. Mesophilic fermentation of renewable biomass: does hydraulic retention time regulate methanogen diversity? Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2010, 76(18): 6322–6326
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[28] |
Roest K, Heilig H G, Smidt H, de Vos W M, Stams A J, Akkermans A D. Community analysis of a full-scale anaerobic bioreactor treating paper mill wastewater. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2005, 28(2): 175–185
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[29] |
Gagliano M C, Braguglia C M, Gallipoli A, Gianico A, Rossetti S. Microbial diversity in innovative mesophilic/thermophilic temperature-phased anaerobic digestion of sludge. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2015, 22(10): 7339–7348
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[30] |
Braguglia C M, Gagliano M C, Rossetti S. High frequency ultrasound pretreatment for sludge anaerobic digestion: effect on floc structure and microbial population. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 110: 43–49
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[31] |
Nelson K E, Zinder S H, Hance I, Burr P, Odongo D, Wasawo D, Odenyo A, Bishop R. Phylogenetic analysis of the microbial populations in the wild herbivore gastrointestinal tract: insights into an unexplored niche. Environmental Microbiology, 2003, 5(11): 1212–1220
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[32] |
Fernandez A S, Hashsham S A, Dollhopf S L, Raskin L, Glagoleva O, Dazzo F B, Hickey R F, Criddle C S, Tiedje J M. Flexible community structure correlates with stable community function in methanogenic bioreactor communities perturbed by glucose. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2000, 66(9): 4058–4067
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[33] |
Nesbø C L, Dlutek M, Zhaxybayeva O, Doolittle W F. Evidence for existence of “mesotogas,” members of the order Thermotogales adapted to low-temperature environments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006, 72(7): 5061–5068
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[34] |
Kundu K, Bergmann I, Hahnke S, Klocke M, Sharma S, Sreekrishnan T R. Carbon source—a strong determinant of microbial community structure and performance of an anaerobic reactor. Journal of Biotechnology, 2013, 168(4): 616–624
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[35] |
Zumstein E, Moletta R, Godon J J. Examination of two years of community dynamics in an anaerobic bioreactor using fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Environmental Microbiology, 2000, 2(1): 69–78
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
/
〈 | 〉 |