Organic nitrogen in PM2.5 in Beijing

Qian ZHANG , Fengkui DUAN , Kebin HE , Yongliang MA , Haiyan LI , Takashi KIMOTO , Aihua ZHENG

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. ›› 2015, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (6) : 1004 -1014.

PDF (1418KB)
Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. ›› 2015, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (6) : 1004 -1014. DOI: 10.1007/s11783-015-0799-5
RESEARCH ARTICLE
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Organic nitrogen in PM2.5 in Beijing

Author information +
History +
PDF (1418KB)

Abstract

Nitrogenous species, as important chemical components in PM2.5, include organic nitrogen (ON) and inorganic nitrogen (IN), both of which have potential effects on human health, climate change and visibility degradation. In this study, we analyzed total nitrogen (TN) by CHN Elemental analyzer and inorganic nitrogen by ion chromatography (IC) respectively to obtain ON by calculating the difference between TN and IN. The results show that the mean ON concentrations in winter and summer are both 2.86 μg·m−3, ten times higher than other places reported on average. ON contributes about 20%–30% to TN on average in both seasons, presenting higher contribution in summer. N:C ratios are much higher in summer than winter. ON sources or formation were strengthened by heavy PM2.5 pollution loads, especially sensitive to sulfate. ON concentrations are higher at night in the both seasons, however with distinguished day and night difference patterns influenced by relative humidity (RH) conditions. In winter, ON concentrations increase with RH on average through low RH values to high RH values. The variations are far larger than the ones caused by day and night difference. However in summer, day and night difference dominates the variations of ON concentrations at low RH values, and RH conditions promote ON concentrations increase significantly only at high RH values. Dust related source and anthropogenic emission related secondary source are identified as important sources for ON. At heavy pollution loads, ON sources are more of secondary formation, possibly strengthened by combination influence of RH and acidity increase.

Keywords

organic nitrogen / N:C ratio / secondary / day and night variation / relative humidity (RH) / acidity

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Qian ZHANG, Fengkui DUAN, Kebin HE, Yongliang MA, Haiyan LI, Takashi KIMOTO, Aihua ZHENG. Organic nitrogen in PM2.5 in Beijing. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(6): 1004-1014 DOI:10.1007/s11783-015-0799-5

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

References

[1]

Yang FTan JZhao QDu ZHe KMa YDuan FChen GZhao Q. Characteristics of PM2.5 speciation in representative megacities and across China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics201111(11): 5207–5219

[2]

He KYang FMa YZhang QYao XChan C KCadle SChan TMulawa P. The characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment200135(29): 4959–4970

[3]

Cape J NCornell S EJickells T DNemitz E. Organic nitrogen in the atmosphere—Where does it come from? A review of sources and methods. Atmospheric Research2011102(1−2): 30–48

[4]

Qiu CZhang R. Multiphase chemistry of atmospheric amines. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics201315(16): 5738–5752

[5]

Özel M ZHamilton J FLewis A C. New sensitive and quantitative analysis method for organic nitrogen compounds in urban aerosol samples. Environmental Science & Technology201145(4): 1497–1505

[6]

Seitzinger S PSanders R W. Atmospheric inputs of dissolved organic nitrogen stimulate estuarine bacteria and phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography199944(3): 721–730

[7]

Jickells TBaker A RCape J NCornell S ENemitz E. The cycling of organic nitrogen through the atmosphere. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences2013368(1621): 20130115

[8]

Kanakidou MDuce R AProspero J MBaker A RBenitez-Nelson CDentener F JHunter K ALiss P SMahowald NOkin G SSarin MTsigaridis KUematsu MZamora L MZhu T. Atmospheric fluxes of organic N and P to the global ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles201226(3): GB3026

[9]

Cornell S E. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition: revisiting the question of the importance of the organic component. Environmental Pollution2011159(10): 2214–2222

[10]

Zhang QAnastasio C. Chemistry of fog waters in California<?Pub Caret?>’s Central Valley—Part 3: concentrations and speciation of organic and inorganic nitrogen. Atmospheric Environment200135(32): 5629–5643

[11]

Ge X LWexler A SClegg S L. Atmospheric amines—Part I. A review. Atmospheric Environment201145(3): 524–546

[12]

Miyazaki YKawamura KSawano M. Size distributions of organic nitrogen and carbon in remote marine aerosols: Evidence of marine biological origin based on their isotopic ratios. Geophysical Research Letters201037(6): L06803

[13]

Russell K MKeene W CMaben J RGalloway J NMoody J L. Phase partitioning and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at the mid-Atlantic U.S. coast. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres2003108(D21): 4656, ACH-1–1-ACH-1–16

[14]

Zhang QAnastasio C. Conversion of fogwater and aerosol organic nitrogen to ammonium, nitrate, and NOx during exposure to simulated sunlight and ozone. Environmental Science & Technology200337(16): 3522–3530

[15]

Bruns E APerraud VZelenyuk AEzell M JJohnson S NYu YImre DFinlayson-Pitts B JAlexander M L. Comparison of FTIR and particle mass spectrometry for the measurement of particulate organic nitrates. Environmental Science & Technology201044(3): 1056–1061

[16]

Rollins A W. Formation mechanisms and quantification of organic nitrates in atmospheric aerosol. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Berkeley: UC Berkeley, 2010

[17]

Day D AWooldridge P JDillon M BThornton J ACohen R C. A thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence instrument for in situ detection of NO2, peroxy nitrates, alkyl nitrates, and HNO3Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres2002107(D6): 4046, ACH 4–1-ACH 4–14

[18]

Rollins A WBrowne E CMin K EPusede S EWooldridge P JGentner D RGoldstein A HLiu SDay D ARussell L MCohen R C. Evidence for NOx control over nighttime SOA formation. Nature2012337(6099): 1210–1212

[19]

Day D ADillion M BWooldridge P JThornton J ARosen R SWood E CCohen R C. On alkyl nitrates, O3, and the “missing NOy”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres2003108 (D16): 4501, ACH-7–1-ACH-7–10

[20]

Nakamura TOgawa HMaripi D KUematsu M. Contribution of water soluble organic nitrogen to total nitrogen in marine aerosols over the East China Sea and western North Pacific. Atmospheric Environment200640(37): 7259–7264

[21]

Zhang YZheng LLiu XJickells TNeil Cape JGoulding KFangmeier AZhang F. Evidence for organic N deposition and its anthropogenic sources in China. Atmospheric Environment200842(5): 1035–1041

[22]

Duan FLiu XHe KDong S. Measurements and characteristics of nitrogen-containing compounds in atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology200982(3): 332–337

[23]

Shi JGao HQi JZhang JYao X. Sources, compositions, and distributions of water-soluble organic nitrogen in aerosols over the China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, D, Atmospheres2010115(D17): D17303

[24]

Cheng YHe K BDuan F KDu Z YZheng MMa Y L. Ambient organic carbon to elemental carbon ratios: influence of the thermal-optical temperature protocol and implications. Science of the Total Environment2014468−469: 1103–1111

[25]

Miyazaki YFu POno KTachibana EKawamura K. Seasonal cycles of water-soluble organic nitrogen aerosols in a deciduous broadleaf forest in northern Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research, D, Atmospheres2014119(3): 1440–1454

[26]

Rastogi NZhang XEdgerton E SIngall EWeber R J. Filterable water-soluble organic nitrogen in fine particles over the southeastern USA during summer. Atmospheric Environment201145(33): 6040–6047

[27]

de Haan D OCorrigan A LSmith K WStroik D RTurley J JLee F ETolbert M AJimenez J LCordova K EFerrell G R. Secondary organic aerosol-forming reactions of glyoxal with amino acids. Environmental Science & Technology200943(8): 2818–2824

[28]

Lim Y BZiemann P J. Kinetics of the heterogeneous conversion of 1,4-hydroxycarbonyls to cyclic hemiacetals and dihydrofurans on organic aerosol particles. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics200911(36): 8029–8039

[29]

Wang XGao SYang XChen HChen JZhuang GSurratt J DChan M NSeinfeld J H. Evidence for high molecular weight nitrogen-containing organic salts in urban aerosols. Environmental Science & Technology201044(12): 4441–4446

[30]

Sun YWang ZFu PJiang QYang TLi JGe X. The impact of relative humidity on aerosol composition and evolution processes during wintertime in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment201377: 927–934

[31]

Neff JHolland EDentener FMcdowell WRussell K. The origin, composition and rates of organic nitrogen deposition: A missing piece of the nitrogen cycle? Biogeochemistry200257−58(1): 99–136

[32]

Aiken A CDecarlo P FKroll J HWorsnop D RHuffman J ADocherty K SUlbrich I MMohr CKimmel J RSueper DSun YZhang QTrimborn ANorthway MZiemann P JCanagaratna M ROnasch T BAlfarra M RPrevot A S HDommen JDuplissy JMetzger ABaltensperger UJimenez J L. O/C and OM/OC ratios of primary, secondary, and ambient organic aerosols with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry. Environmental Science & Technology200842(12): 4478–4485

[33]

Fry J LDraper D CZarzana K JCampuzano-Jost PDay D AJimenez J LBrown S SCohen R CKaser LHansel ACappellin LKarl THodzic Roux ATurnipseed ACantrell CLefer B LGrossberg N. Observations of gas- and aerosol-phase organic nitrates at BEACHON-RoMBAS 2011. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics201313(17): 8585–8605

[34]

Galloway M MChhabra P SChan A W HSurratt J DFlagan R CSeinfeld J HKeutsch F N. Glyoxal uptake on ammonium sulphate seed aerosol: reaction products and reversibility of uptake under dark and irradiated conditions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics20099(10): 3331–3345

[35]

Ervens BVolkamer R. Glyoxal processing by aerosol multiphase chemistry: towards a kinetic modeling framework of secondary organic aerosol formation in aqueous particles. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics201010(17): 8219–8244

[36]

Walsh M P. PM2.5: global progress in controlling the motor vehicle. Frontiers of Environment Science and Engineering20148(1): 1–17

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF (1418KB)

2904

Accesses

0

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

AI思维导图

/