Application of Fe⁰/C/Clay ceramics for decoloration of synthetic Acid Red 73 and Reactive Blue 4 wastewater by micro-electrolysis

Abstract

Dyes are common pollutants in textile wastewaters, and the treatment of the wastewater has now attracted much attention due to its wide application and low biodegradability. In this study, Fe⁰/C/Clay ceramics, a kind of novel micro-electrolysis filler, were sintered and employed in a dynamic micro-electrolysis reactor for synthetic Acid Red 73 (AR73) and Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) wastewater treatment. The effects of influent pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and aeration on the decoloration efficiencies of AR73 and RB4 were studied. The optimum conditions for wastewater treatment were: AR73, influent pH of 4, HRT of 2 h and aeration; RB4, influent pH of 5, HRT of 6 h and aeration. Under the optimum conditions, decoloration efficiency of AR73 and RB4 wastewater was 96% and 83%, respectively. Results of UV-vis spectrum scanning demonstrated that the chromophores were broken. Continuous running tests showed that improvement of micro-electrolysis system with Fe⁰/C/Clay ceramics for AR73 and RB4 synthetic wastewater treatment could avoid failure of micro-electrolysis reactor, which indicated great potential for the practical application of the ceramics in the field of actual industrial wastewater treatment.

Keywords

Fe⁰/C/Clay ceramics / micro-electrolysis / Acid Red 73 / Reactive Blue 4 / synthetic wastewater

References

[1] Jack T S, Lorne I, Renganathan V. Hydroxyl radical mediated degradation of azo dyes: evidence for benzene generation. Environmental Science & Technology, 1994, 28(7): 1389–1393

[2] Mustafa I, Delia T S. Effects of alkalinity and co-substrate on the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor through decolorization of Congo Red azo dye. Bioresource Technology, 2005, 96(5): 633–643

[3] William J E, Hanbae Y, Lawrence A B, Spyros G P. Kinetics of zero-valent iron reductive transformation of the anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 4. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 160(2–3): 594–600

[4] Park H, Choi W. Visible light and Fe(III)-mediated degradation of Acid Orange 7 in the absence of H₂O₂. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry, 2003, 159(3): 241–247

[5] Stylidi M, Kondarides D I, Verykios X E. Visible light-induced photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 in aqueous TiO₂ suspensions. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 47(3): 189–201

[6] Bauer C, Jacques P, Kalt A. Investigation of the interaction between a sulfonated azo dye (AO7) and a TiO₂ surface. Chemical Physics Letters, 1999, 307(5–6): 397–406

[7] Zhang S J, Yu H Q, Li Q R. Radiolytic degradation of Acid Orange 7: a mechanistic study. Chemosphere, 2005, 61(7): 1003–1011

[8] Yahya S A, Musa I E, Amjad E, Gavin M W. Effect of solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature on adsorption behavior of reactive dyes on activated carbon. Dyes and Pigments, 2008, 77(1): 16–23

[9] Doğan M, Özdemir Y, Alkan M. Adsorption kinetics and mechanism of cationic methyl violet and methylene blue dyes onto sepiolite. Dyes and Pigments, 2007, 75(3): 701–713

[10] Muthukumar M, Thalamadai K M, Bhaskar R G. Electrochemical removal of CI Acid orange 10 from aqueous solutions. Separation and Purification Technology, 2007, 55(2): 198–205

[11] Kang S F, Liao C H, Chen M C. Pre-oxidation and coagulation of textile wastewater by the Fenton process. Chemosphere, 2002, 46(6): 923–928

[12] Jae-Wook L, Seung-Phil C, Ramesh T, Wang-Geun S, Hee M. Evaluation of the performance of adsorption and coagulation processes for the maximum removal of reactive dyes. Dyes and Pigments, 2006, 69(3): 196–203

[13] Kariyajjanavar P, Jogttappa N, Nayaka Y A. Studies on degradation of reactive textile dyes solution by electrochemical method. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 190(1–3): 952–961

[14] Chen L. Effects of factors and interacted factors on the optimal decoloration process of methyl orange by ozone. Water Research, 2000, 34(3): 974–982

[15] Anjaneyulu Y, Sreedhara C N, Samuel S R. Decolourization of industrial effluents-available methods and emerging technologies—a review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 2005, 4(4): 245–273

[16] Wang K S, Lin C L, Wei M C, Liang H H, Li H C, Chang C H, Fang Y T, Chang S H. Effects of dissolved oxygen on dye removal by zero-valent iron. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 182(1–3): 886–895

[17] Wu S, Qi Y, Gao Y, Xu Y, Gao F, Yu H, Lu Y, Yue Q, Li J. Preparation of ceramic-corrosion-cell fillers and application for cyclohexanone industry wastewater treatment in electrobath reactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 196: 139–144

[18] Yang X, Xue Y, Wang W. Mechanism, kinetics and application studies on enhanced activated sludge by interior microelectrolysis. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(2): 649–653

[19] Cheng H, Xu W, Liu J, Wang H, He Y, Chen G. Pretreatment of wastewater from triazine manufacturing by coagulation, electrolysis, and internal microelectrolysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 146(1–2): 385–392

[20] Ruan X, Liu M, Zeng Q, Ding Y. Degradation and decoloration of reactive red X-3B aqueous solution by ozone integrated with internal micro-electrolysis. Separation and Purification Technology, 2010, 74(2): 195–201

[21] Wu S, Yue Q, Qi Y, Gao B, Han S, Yue M. Preparation of ultra-lightweight sludge ceramics (ULSC) and application for pharmaceutical advanced wastewater treatment in a biological aerobic filter (BAF). Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(3): 2296–2300

[22] Jing Z, Li Y Y, Cao S, Liu Y. Performance of double-layer biofilter packed with coal fly ash ceramic granules in treating highly polluted river water. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 120: 212–217

[23] Jin Y Z, Zhang Y F, Li W. Micro-electrolysis technology for industrial wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 2003, 15(3): 334–338(in Chinese)

[24] General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Water quality—determination of the chemical oxygen demand—dichromate method. GB11914–89. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1999 (in Chinese)

[25] General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Lightweight aggregates and its test methods—part 2. Test methods for lightweight aggregate. GB/T 17431.2–2010. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2011 (in Chinese)

[26] Chang S H, Wang K S, Chao S J, Peng T H, Huang L C. Degradation of azo and anthraquinone dyes by a low-cost Fe⁰/air process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 166(2–3):1127–1133

[27] Liu H, Li G, Qu J, Liu H. Degradation of azo dye Acid Orange 7 in water by Fe⁰/granular activated carbon system in the presence of ultrasound. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 144(1–2): 180–186

[28] Sangkil N, Paul G T. Reduction of azo dyes with zero-valent iron. Water Research, 2000, 34(6): 1837–1845

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20100131110005) and Shandong High-tech Project (2012GGE27011), Shandong Province of China.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg