Determination and occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish (Morone saxatilis)

Abstract

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted much attention due to widespread contamination in aquatic environment. In this study, we determined 13 EDCs and PPCPs in fish blood, bile and muscle by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were in the ranges of 0.23–2.54, 0.22–2.36 ng·mL⁻¹, and 0.24–2.57 ng·g⁻¹ dry weight (dw) for fish blood, bile and muscle, respectively. Recoveries of target compounds spiked into sample matrices and passed through the entire analytical procedure ranged from 65% to 95%, from 60% to 92% and from 62% to 91% for blood, bile and muscle, respectively. The methods were applied to the analysis of fish from a lake in California. Target compounds were relatively low in bile, and only bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac were measurable near the LOQ. Seven of 13 compounds were detected in blood, with total concentrations up to 39 ng·mL⁻¹. Only BPA was frequently found in muscle, with mean concentration of 7.26 ng·g⁻¹ dw. The estimated daily intake of BPA through fish consumption for U.S. resident was significantly lower than the tolerable daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority. This study showed that the exposure to the bisphenol A from fish diet is unlikely to pose a health risk.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) / pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) / fish / bisphenol A (BPA) / risk assessment

References

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Acknowledgements

We thank Frederick Ernst for their support during the sample collection.

Supplementary material

is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0640-6 and is accessible for authorized users.

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2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg