Evaluation of the ecological status with benthic indices in the coastal system: the case of Bohai Bay (China)

Abstract

Based on biologic and environmental materials collected from coastal areas of Bohai Bay (China) in April, 2008, three biotic indices (AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), Shannon–Wiener Index and W-statistic) were applied together to evaluate the ecological status of the sampling area. The results showed a clear spatial gradient from a worse ecological status in the near-shore areas (especially around Haihe and Jiyun River Estuaries) to a better status in the offshore areas. While all the three indices could assist decision makers in visualizing spatial changes of organic pollutants in Bohai Bay, two indices, i.e., AMBI and Shannon-Wiener index, were effective in distinguishing sites from Haihe River Estuary, Jiyun River Estuary and other area. However, W-statistic can’t tell the differences between estuaries and other area. It would be explained that organic pollutants and/or other environmental stresses in Bohai Bay were not strong enough to reduce the size of macrozoobenthos, which may cause both of the abundance and biomass curves crossed. To our knowledge, this is the first time that several benthic indices were used to assess the benthic ecological status in Bohai Bay, which gave the similar results. Furthermore, there is indication that the ecological status is related to excess input of wastewater along main rivers and outlets. In a word, AMBI, Shannon–Wiener Index and W-statistic could be able to assess the benthic ecological status of Bohai Bay under the organic pollutants pressure.

Keywords

AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index / Shannon-Wiener Index / W-statistic / ecological status / coastal system / Bohai Bay (China)

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Special Foundation of Chinese Research Academy of Sciences (gyk5091201) and the Project of State Environmental Protection, Research and Public Service Industry, A Special (No. 201309007). We are grateful to Dr. Angel Borja (AZTI-Tecnalia, Spain) for his kind help on reviewing the ecological groups of macroinvertebrates. We also wish to thank Dr. Luis F. Carerra (El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Mexico) for his careful modification on this manuscript. Great thanks are also given to Professor Soon-Thiam Khu (University of Surrey) for his checking English words and grammar of this manuscript.

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0617-x and is accessible for authorized users.

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