Assessing the potential of crop residue recycling in China and technology options based on a bottom-up model

Abstract

Crop residues are an important biomass, and are significant in the sustainable development of China. This paper uses the Grey-Markov modeling approach, the cost-benefit analysis method, and the constraint optimization method to establish the potential of crop residue recycling in China (CRRC) using a bottom-up analysis. Taking 2010 as the baseline year, the CRRC model is used to determine the quantity trends of crop residue resources, simulating the recycling potential and selecting key crop residue recycling technologies for operation between 2010 and 2030. The results illustrate that the total residue output from different crops will gradually increase to 1062 million tons in 2030. The proportion of crop residue for field burning is expected to decrease as a result of guidance and support from the government. Market mechanisms are also improving the development of the crop residue recycling industry. The economic benefit of crop residue recycling is expected to be worth 132 billion CNY in 2030 according to technology structure options. Key crop residue recycling technologies preferred such as liquefaction, amination, silo, co-firing straw power and composting will account for more than 85% of the total benefits.

Keywords

China / crop residue / recycling potential / technology options

References

[1] CherubiniF, UlgiatiS. Crop residues as raw materials for biorefinery systems–A LCA case study. Applied Energy, 2010, 87(1): 47–57

[2] DemirbasA. Importance of biomass energy sources for Turkey. Energy Policy, 2008, 36(2): 834–842

[3] LalR. Crop residues as soil amendments and feedstock for bioethanol production. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 2008, 28(4): 747–758

[4] NDRC, MOA, MOF. The “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” of Crops Straw Comprehensive Utilization Scheme. Beijing: NDRC, 2011(in Chinese)

[5] CaoG L, ZhangX Y, WangY Q, ZhengF C. Estimation of emissions from field burning of crop straw in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008, 53(5): 784–790

[6] MEP. Provisional Rules on Forbiddance of Burning Crop Residues to Make Good Comprehensive Use. Beijing: MEP, 1999(in Chinese)

[7] NDRC. Middle and Long Term Program of Renewable Energy Development. Beijing: NDRC, 2007(in Chinese)

[8] MatsumuraY, MinowaT, YamamotoH. Amount, availability, and potential use of rice straw (agricultural residue) biomass as an energy resource in Japan. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2005, 29(5): 347–354

[9] Callejón-FerreA J, Velázquez-MartíB, López-MartínezJ A, Manzano-AgugliaroF. Greenhouse crop residues: energy potential and models for the prediction of their higher heating value. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(2): 948–955

[10] JiangD, ZhuangD, FuJ, HuangY, WenK. Bioenergy potential from crop residues in China: availability and distribution. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012, 16(3): 1377–1382

[11] CarriquiryM A, DuX, TimilsinaG R. Second generation biofuels: economics and policies. Energy Policy, 2011, 39(7): 4222–4234

[12] LuW, ZhangT. Life-cycle implications of using crop residues for various energy demands in China. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(10): 4026–4032

[13] ZhangQ, ZhouD, ZhouP, DingH. Cost analysis of straw-based power generation in Jiangsu Province, China. Applied Energy, 2013, 102(0): 785–793

[14] ChenL, ZhaoL, RenC, WangF. The progress and prospects of rural biogas production in China. Energy Policy, 2012, 51(0): 58–63

[15] HiloidhariM, BaruahD C. Crop residue biomass for decentralized electrical power generation in rural areas (part 1): investigation of spatial availability. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(4): 1885–1892

[16] LeungD Y C, YinX L, WuC Z. A review on the development and commercialization of biomass gasification technologies in China. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2004, 8(6): 565–580

[17] LiQ, ChenD, ZhuB, HuS. Industrial straw utilization in China: simulation and analysis of the dynamics of technology application and competition. Technology in Society, 2012, 34(3): 207–215

[18] WeiW, ZhangW, HuD, OuL, TongY, ShenG, ShenH, WangX. Emissions of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from uncompressed and pelletized biomass fuel burning in typical household stoves in China. Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 56(0): 136–142

[19] SCONPC. The Renewable Energy Law of the People’s Republic of China. Beijing: SCONPC, 2005

[20] LiJ, BaiJ, Ralph O. MOA/DOE Project Expert Team. Assessment of Biomass Resource Availability in China. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1998

[21] LiQ, HuS, ChenD, ZhuB. System analysis of grain straw for centralised industrial usages in China. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2012, 47(0): 277–288

[22] ZhangK, ChangJ, GuanY, ChenH, YangY, JiangJ. Lignocellulosic biomass gasification technology in China. Renewable Energy, 2013, 49(0): 175–184

[23] ZhengY H, WeiJ G, LiJ, FengS F, LiZ F, JiangG M, LucasM, WuG L, NingT Y. Anaerobic fermentation technology increases biomass energy use efficiency in crop residue utilization and biogas production. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012, 16(7): 4588–4596

[24] WeiX, DeclanC, ErdaL, YinlongX, HuiJ, JinheJ, IanH, YanL. Future cereal production in China: The interaction of climate change, water availability and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environmental Change, 2009, 19(1): 34–44

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the financial support of the National Technology Support Project of China (2012BAC03B01).

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0604-2 and is accessible for authorized users.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg