Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are complex organic compounds which are identified as significant carcinogenic to human health. PAHs (mainly in particle phase) are susceptible to atmospheric oxidant gases, especially ozone, nitrogen oxides (NO_x), hydroxyl radical (OH), and could be degraded on filters during sampling process, leading to an underestimation of ambient PAH concentrations. The goal of this work was to investigate particle associated PAHs sampling artifacts caused by ozone in summer of Beijing. Comparative sampling systems were operated simultaneously during the whole campaign, one with activated carbon ozone denuder, the other being set as conventional sampling system. Activated carbon denuder was testified to be highly efficient to eliminate ozone from air stream. In general, nine particle-bound PAHs observed from conventional sampler were all lower than those from ozone denuder system. The total PAHs (particle phase) concentration was averagely underestimated by 35.9% in conventional sampling procedure. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) had the highest percentage of mass loss. Ambient temperature was founded to have influences on PAHs sampling artifacts. High temperature can increase loss of particle associated PAHs during sampling.

Keywords

particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) / ozone / denuder / sampling artifacts

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21190054 and 21107061), the National Basic Reserch Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951803), and by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (No. 2007B57). The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. Xiande Liu in Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences for his advice on improving the paper.

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2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg