Sustainable design of sanitation system based on material and value flow analysis for urban slum in Indonesia

Abstract

Material flow analysis (MFA) and value flow analysis (VFA) were applied to the sanitation system in an urban slum in Indonesia. Based on the results of the MFA and VFA, garbage and excreta disposal costs were evaluated to be 0.7% and 1.1%, respectively, of per capita income. Such value flows seem reasonable in light of the recognized affordability to pay (ATP) standard. However, current excreta disposal methods create negative impacts on downstream populations. Because such disadvantages do not go back to disposers, but passed to downstream, the current value flow structure does not motivate individual toilet users to install treatment facility. Based on current material and value flow structures, a resource recycling sanitation system scenario was examined. Based on VFA, an affordable initial cost for such a system was calculated; this was found to be comparable in price to a cheaper composting toilet that is currently available in the market.

Keywords

material flow / value flow / resource recycling system / sustainable design / initial cost / urban slum

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST-CREST), the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development of the Japan Science and Technology Agency and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JST-JICA-SATREPS), and the Science Research of the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

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2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg