Effects of organic acids on Cd adsorption and desorption by two anthropic soils

Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of malic, tartaric, oxalic, and citric acid on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of Cd by two typical anthropic soils (lou soil and irrigation-silted soil) in North-west China. Cadmium adsorption and desorption were studied under a range of temperatures (25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C), organic acid concentrations (0.5–5.0 mmol·L^-1), and pH values (2–8). The results showed that the Cd adsorption capacity of the lou soil was significantly greater than that of the irrigation-silted soil. Generally, Cd adsorption increased as the temperature increased. In the presence of NaNO₃, the adsorption of Cd was endothermic with ΔH values of 31.365 kJ·mol^-1 for lou soil and 28.278kJ·mol^-1 for irrigation-silted soil. The endothermic reaction indicated that H bonds were the main driving force for Cd adsorption in both soils. However, different concentrations of organic acids showed various influences on the two soils. In the presence of citric acid, chemical adsorption and van der Waals interactions were the main driving forces for Cd adsorption rather than H bonds. Although the types of organic acids and soil properties were different, the effects of the organic acids on the adsorption and desorption of Cd were similar in the two soils. The adsorption percentage of Cd generally decreased as organic acid concentrations increased. In contrast, the adsorption percentage increased as the pH of the initial solution increased. The exception was that adsorption percentage of Cd increased slightly as oxalic acid concentrations increased. In contrast, the desorption percentage of Cd increased with increasing concentrations of organic acids but decreased as the initial solution pH increased.

Keywords

adsorption / desorption / cadmium / organic acids / temperature / anthropic soil

References

[1] Naidu R, Harter R D. Effect of different organic ligands on cadmium sorption by and extractability from soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1998, 62(3): 644–650

[2] Naidu R, Kookana R S, Sumner M E, Harter R D, Tiller K G. Cadmium sorption and transport in variable charge soils: a review. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1997, 26(3): 602–617

[3] Tran Y T, Barry D A, Bajracharya K. Cadmium desorption in sand. Environment International, 2002, 28(6): 493–502

[4] Zhou D M, Chen H M, Wang S Q, Zheng C R. Effects of organic acids, o-phenylenediamine and pyrocatechol on cadmium adsorption and desorption in soil. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2003, 145(1-4): 109–121

[5] Liao M. Effects of organic acids on adsorption of cadmium onto kaolinite, goethite, and bayerite. Pedosphere, 2006, 16(2): 185–191

[6] Zong L G, Xu X Y. Advance in studies of cadmium sorption and desorption in soils. Ecology & Environment, 2003, 12(3): 331–335 (in Chinese)

[7] Chen H M, Zheng C R, Tu C, Zhu Y G. Heavy metal pollution in soils in China: status and countermeasures. Ambio, 1999, 28(2): 130–134

[8] Robinson B, Russell C, Hedley M, Clothier B. Cadmium adsorption by rhizobacteria: implications for New Zealand pastureland. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2001, 87(3): 315–321

[9] Singh A K, Pandeya S B. Sorption and release of cadmium-fulvic acid complexes in sludge treated soils. Bioresource Technology, 1998, 66(2): 119–127

[10] Alloway B J. Heavy Metals in Soils. New York: Blackie Academic & Professional Publishers, 1995

[11] Lee S Z, Allen H E, Huang C P, Sparks D L, Sanders P F, Peijnenburg W J G M. Predicting soil-water partition coefficients for cadmium. Environmental Science & Technology, 1996, 30(12): 3418–3424

[12] Zhang G Y, Dong Y Y, Li X Y, Li Y, Li H J. Effects of oxalic acid and pH values on sorption of cadmium in minerals. Journal of Agro-Environmental Science, 2004, 23(3): 619–622 (in Chinese)

[13] Nigam R, Srivastava S, Prakash S, Srivastava M M. Cadmium mobilisation and plant availability — the impact of organic acids commonly exuded from roots. Plant and Soil, 2001, 230(1): 107–113

[14] Jones D L. Organic acids in the rhizosphere-a critical review. Plant and Soil, 1998, 205(1): 25–44

[15] Strobel B W. Influence of vegetation on low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids in soil solution-a review. Geoderma, 2001, 99(3-4): 169–198

[16] Shan X Q, Lian J, Wen B. Effect of organic acids on adsorption and desorption of rare earth elements. Chemosphere, 2002, 47(7): 701–710

[17] Huang Q Y, Zhao Z H, Chen W L. Effects of several low-molecular weight organic acids and phosphate on the adsorption of acid phosphatase by soil colloids and minerals. Chemosphere, 2003, 52(3): 571–579

[18] Robert M, Berthelin J. Role of biological and biological factors in soil mineral weathering. In: Huang P M, Schnitzer M, eds. Interaction of Soil Minerals with Natural Organics and Microbes. Madison: Soil Science Society of America, 1986, 453–489

[19] Stevenson F J, Fitch A. Chemistry of complexation of metal ions with soil solution organics. In: Huang P M, Schnitzer M, eds. Interaction of Soil Minerals with Natural Organics and Microbes. Madison: Soil Science Society of America, 1986, 29–58

[20] Lu H L, Yan C L, Liu J C. Low-molecular-weight organic acids exuded by Mangrove (Kandelia candel (L.) Druce) roots and their effect on cadmium species change in the rhizosphere. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2007, 61(2): 159–166

[21] Wang Y J, Chen J H, Cui Y X, Wang S Q, Zhou D M. Effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids on Cu(II) adsorption onto hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 162(2-3): 1135–1140

[22] Khan A G, Kuek C, Chaudhry T M, Khoo C S, Hayes W J. Role of plants, mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation. Chemosphere, 2000, 41(1-2): 197–207

[23] Zhou D M, Wang S Q, Chen H M. Interaction of Cd and citric acid, EDTA in red soil. Journal of Environmental Sciences–China, 2001, 13(2): 153–156

[24] Liao M, Xie X M. Cadmium release in contaminated soil due to organic acids. Pedosphere, 2004, 14(2): 223–228

[25] Xu R K, Ji G L. Effect of anions of low-molecular-weight organic acids on adsorption and desorption of aluminum by and from a kaolinite at different pH. Soil Science, 2003, 168(1): 39–44

[26] Evangelou M W H, Ebel M, Schaeffer A. Evaluation of the effect of small organic acids on phytoextraction of Cu and Pb from soil with tobacco Nicotiana tabacum. Chemosphere, 2006, 63(6): 996–1004

[27] Dytrtová J J, Šestáková I, Jakl M, Navrátil T. Electrochemical detection of cadmium and lead complexes with low molecular weight organic acids. Electroanalysis, 2009, 21(3-5): 573–579

[28] Floroiu R M, Davis A P, Torrents A. Cadmium adsorption on aluminum oxide in the presence of polyacrylic acid. Environmental Science & Technology, 2001, 35(2): 348–353

[29] Fontes M P F, Gomes P C. Simultaneous competitive adsorption of heavy metals by the mineral matrix of tropical soils. Applied Geochemistry, 2003, 18(6): 795–804

[30] McBride M B, Tyler L D, Hovde D A. Cadmium adsorption by soils and uptake by plants as affected by soil chemical properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1981, 45(4): 739–744

[31] Huang L, Hu H Q, Li X Y, Li L Y. Influences of low molar mass organic acids on the adsorption of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ by goethite and montmorillonite. Applied Clay Science, 2010, 49(3): 281–287

[32] Bao S D. Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000 (in Chinese)

[33] Serjeant E P, Dempsey B. Ionisation Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous Solutions. Oxford: Pergamon, 1979

[34] OECD. OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals. Adsorption-Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method. OECD Test Guideline. Paris: OECD Publications, 2000

[35] Hooda P S, Alloway B J. Cadmium and lead sorption behaviour of selected English and Indian soils. Geoderma, 1998, 84(1): 121–134

[36] ROSS S M. Toxic Metals in Soil-Plant Systems. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1994

[37] Jain C K, Singhal D C, Sharma M K. Adsorption of zinc on bed sediment of River Hindon: adsorption models and kinetics. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2004, 114(1-3): 231–239

[38] Sari A, Tuzen M, Citak D, Soylak M. Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution onto Turkish kaolinite clay. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 149(2): 283–291

[39] di Vincenzo J P, Sparks D L. Slow sorption kinetics of pentachlorophenol on soil: concentration effects. Environmental Science & Technology, 1997, 31(4): 977–983

[40] Zhang X L, Hong H L, Li Z H, Guan J F, Schulz L. Removal of azobenzene from water by kaolinite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 170(2-3): 1064–1069

[41] Meng Z F, Zhang Y P, Zhang Z Q. Simultaneous adsorption of phenol and cadmium on amphoteric modified soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 159(2-3): 492–498

[42] Faghihian H, Nejati-Yazdinejad M. A comparative study of the sorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by local bentonite and clinoptilolite. Adsorption Science and Technology, 2009, 27(1): 107–115

[43] Song X P, Wang S W, Chen L, Zhang M L, Dong Y H. Effect of pH, ionic strength and temperature on the sorption of radionickel on Na-montmorillonite. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2009, 67(6): 1007–1012

[44] Xu D, Tan X L, Chen C L, Wang X K. Adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution to MX-80 bentonite: effect of pH, ionic strength, foreign ions and temperature. Applied Clay Science, 2008, 41(1-2): 37–46

[45] Sheng G D, Wang S W, Hu J, Lu Y, Li J X, Dong Y H, Wang X K. Adsorption of Pb(II) on diatomite as affected via aqueous solution chemistry and temperature. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2009, 339(1-3): 159–166

[46] Cornell R M, Schindler P W. Infrared study of the adsorption of hudroxycarborylic acids on α-FeOOH and amorphous Fe(III)hydroxide. Colloid & Polymer Science, 1980, 258(10): 1171–1175

[47] Parfitt R L, Fraser A R, Farmer V C. Adsorption on hydrous oxides. III. Fulvic acid and humic acid on goethite, gibbsite and imogolite. Journal of Soil Science, 1977, 28(2): 289–296

[48] Hu H Q, Liu H L, He J Z, Huang Q Y. Effect of selected organic acids on cadmium sorption by variable- and permanent-charge soils. Pedosphere, 2007, 17(1): 117–123

[49] Tiller K G, Nayyar V K, Clayton P M. Specific and non-specific sorption of cadmium by soil clays as influenced by zinc and calcium. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1979, 17(1): 17–28

[50] Parfitt R L, Farmer V C, Russell J D. Adsorption on hydrous oxides I. Oxalate and benzoate on goethite. Journal of Soil Science, 1977, 28(1): 29–39

[51] Zachara J M, Smith S C, McKinley J P, Resch C T. Cadmium sorption on specimen and soil smectites in sodium and calcium electrolytes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1993, 57(6): 1491–1501

[52] Forbes E A, Posner A M, Quirk J P. The specific adsorption of divalent Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn on goethite. Journal of Soil Science, 1976, 27(2): 154–166

[53] Yao Y B, Xie T, Gao Y M. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1985 (in Chinese)

[54] Martell A E, Smith R M. Critical Stability Constants: Other Organic Ligands. New York: Plenum Press, 1977

[55] Wang G. Influence of complexation on the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Progress in Soil Science, 1994, 22(6): 6–13 (in Chinese)

[56] Padmanabham M. Adsorption-desorption behaviour of copper (II) at the goethite–solution interface. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1983, 21(3): 309–320

[57] Pardo M T, Guadalix M E. Zinc sorption-desorption by two Andepts: effect of pH and support medium. European Journal of Soil Science, 1996, 47(2): 257–263

[58] Cao X D, Chen Y, Wang X R, Deng X H. Effects of redox potential and pH value on the release of rare earth elements from soil. Chemosphere, 2001, 44(4): 655–661

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg