Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

Abstract

China now faces double challenges of water resources shortage and severe water pollution. To resolve Chinese water pollution problems and reduce its impacts on human health, economic growth and social development, the situation of wastewater treatment was investigated. Excess sludge and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during wastewater treatment were also surveyed. It is concluded that Chinese water pollution problems should be systematically resolved with inclusion of wastewater and the solid waste and GHGs generated during wastewater treatment. Strategies proposed for the wastewater treatment in China herein were also adequate for other countries, especially for the developing countries with similar economic conditions to China.

Keywords

wastewater treatment / solid waste / greenhouse gases / systematical strategies

References

[1] Liu J G, Diamond J.China’s environment in a globalizing world. Nature, 2005, 435(7046): 1179–1186

[2] Ma F, Guo J B, Zhao L J, Chang C C, Cui D. Application of bioaugmentation to improve the activated sludge system into the contact oxidation system treating petrochemical wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(2): 597–602

[3] Jiang H L, Maszenan A M, Tay J H. Bioaugmentation and coexistence of two functionally similar bacterial strains in aerobic granules. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2007, 75(5): 1191–1200

[4] Park D, Lee D S, Kim Y M, Park J M. Bioaugmentation of cyanide-degrading microorganisms in a full-scale cokes wastewater treatment facility. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(6): 2092–2096

[5] Guo J B, Ma F, Chang C C, Cui D, Wang L, Yang J X, Wang L. Start-up of a two-stage bioaugmented anoxic-oxic (A/O) biofilm process treating petrochemical wastewater under different DO concentrations. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(14): 3483–3488

[6] Peng Y, Hou H, Wang S, Cui Y, Zhiguo Y. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch system. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 2008, 20(4): 398–403

[7] Hashimoto T, Onda K, Nakamura Y, Tada K, Miya A, Murakami T. Comparison of natural estrogen removal efficiency in the conventional activated sludge process and the oxidation ditch process. Water Research, 2007, 41(10): 2117–2126

[8] Khehra M S, Saini H S, Sharma D K, Chadha B S, Chimni S S. Biodegradation of azo dye C.I. Acid Red 88 by an anoxic-aerobic sequential bioreactor. Dyes and Pigments, 2006, 70(1): 1–7

[9] Zhao W T, Huang X, Lee D J. Enhanced treatment of coke plant wastewater using an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor system. Separation and Purification Technology, 2009, 66(2): 279–286

[10] Henze M, van Loosdrecht M, Ekama G, Brdjanovic D. Biological Wastewater Treatment: Principles, Modelling and Design. London: IWA Publishing, 2008

[11] Wilderer P A, Irvine R L, Goronsky M C. Sequencing Batch Reactor Technology. London: IWA Publishing, 2001

[12] He S B, Xue G, Kong H N, Li X. Improving the performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) by the addition of zeolite powder. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 142(1-2): 493–499

[13] Foresti E, Zaiat M, Vallero M. Anaerobic processes as the core technology for sustainable domestic wastewater treatment: consolidated applications, new trends, perspectives, and challenges. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 2006, 5(1): 3–19

[14] Lew B, Tarre S, Beliavski M, Dosoretz C, Green M. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for domestic wastewater treatment. Desalination, 2009, 243(1-3): 251–257

[15] Álvarez J A, Armstrong E,Gómez M, Soto M. Anaerobic treatment of low-strength municipal wastewater by a two-stage pilot plant under psychrophilic conditions. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(15): 7051–7062

[16] Chu L B, Yang F L, Zhang X W. Anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater in a membrane-coupled expended granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor under moderate to low temperature. Process Biochemistry, 2005, 40(3-4): 1063–1070

[17] Wen C, Huang X, Qian Y. Domestic wastewater treatment using an anaerobic bioreactor coupled with membrane filtration. Process Biochemistry, 2009, 35(3-4): 335–340

[18] Bramwell S A, Prasad P V D. Performance of a small aquatic plant wastewater treatment system under Caribbean conditions. Journal of Environmental Management, 1995, 44(3): 213–220

[19] Ong S A, Uchiyama K, Inadama D, Yamagiwa K. Simultaneous removal of color, organic compounds and nutrients in azo dye-containing wastewater using up-flow constructed wetland. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 165(1-3): 696–703

[20] Ye F X, Li Y. Enhancement of nitrogen removal in towery hybrid constructed wetland to treat domestic wastewater for small rural communities. Ecological Engineering, 2009, 35(7): 1043–1050

[21] Liang P, Huang X, Qian Y. Excess sludge reduction in activated sludge process through predation of Aeolosoma hemprichi. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2006, 28(2): 117–122

[22] Griffith J W, Raymond D H. The first commercial supercritical water oxidation sludge processing plant. Waste Management, 2002, 22(4): 453–459

[23] Mahmood T, Elliott A. A review of secondary sludge reduction technologies for the pulp and paper industry. Water Research, 2006, 40(11): 2093–2112

[24] Mata-Alvarez J, Macé S, Llabrés P. Anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes: an overview of research achievements and perspectives. Bioresource Technology, 2000, 74(1): 3–16

[25] Datta T, Liu Y J, Goel R. Evaluation of simultaneous nutrient removal and sludge reduction using laboratory scale sequencing batch reactors. Chemosphere, 2009, 76(5): 697–705

[26] Wang W H, Jung Y J, Kiso Y, Yamada T, Min K S. Excess sludge reduction performance of an aerobic SBR process equipped with a submerged mesh filter unit. Process Biochemistry, 2006, 41(4): 745–751

[27] Paul E, Camacho P, Sperandio M, Ginestet P. Technical and economical evaluation of a thermal, and two oxidative techniques for the reduction of excess sludge production. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2006, 84(4): 247–252

[28] Zhang G M, Zhang P Y, Yang J M, Chen Y M. Ultrasonic reduction of excess sludge from the activated sludge system. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 145(3): 515–519

[29] Kampas P, Parsons S A, Pearce P, Ledoux S, Vale P, Churchley J, Cartmell E. Mechanical sludge disintegration for the production of carbon source for biological nutrient removal. Water Research, 2007, 41(8): 1734–1742

[30] Kim T H, Lee S R, Nam Y K, Yang J, Park C, Lee M. Disintegration of excess activated sludge by hydrogen peroxide oxidation. Desalination, 2009, 246(1-3): 275–284

[31] Lin J G, Ma Y S, Huang C C. Alkaline hydrolysis of the sludge generated from a high-strength, nitrogenous-wastewater biological-treatment process. Bioresource Technology, 1998, 65(1-2): 35–42

[32] Guellil A, Boualam M, Quiquampoix H, Ginester P, Audic P, Block J C. Hydrolysis of wastewater colloidal organic matter by extracellular enzymes extracted from activated sludge flocs. Water Science and Technology, 2001, 43(6): 33–40

[33] Suresh Kumar M, Mudliar S N, Reddy K M K, Chakrabarti T. Production of biodegradable plastics from activated sludge generated from a food processing industrial wastewater treatment plant. Bioresource Technology, 2004, 95(3): 327–330

[34] Arakane M, Imai T, Murakami S, Takeuchi M, Ukita M, Sekine M, Higuchi T. Resource recovery from excess sludge by subritical water combined with magnesium ammonium phosphate process. Water Science and Technology, 2006, 54(9): 81–86

[35] Saktaywin W, Tsuno H, Nagare H, Soyama T. Operation of a new sewage treatment process with technologies of excess sludge reduction and phosphorus recovery. Water Science and Technology, 2006, 53(12): 217–227

[36] Saktaywin W, Tsuno H, Nagare H, Soyama T, Weerapakkaroon J. Advanced sewage treatment process with excess sludge reduction and phosphorus recovery. Water Research, 2005, 39(5): 902–910

[37] El-Fadel M, Massoud M. Methane emissions from wastewater management. Environmental Pollution, 2001, 114(2): 177–185

[38] Metz B, Davidson O R, Bosch P R, Dave R, Meyer L A. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. London: Cambridge University Press, 2008

[39] Bani Shahabadi M, Yerushalmi L, Haghighat F. Impact of process design on greenhouse gas (GHG) generation by wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, 2009, 43(10): 2679–2687

[40] Cakir F Y, Stenstrom M K. Greenhouse gas production: a comparison between aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment technology. Water Research, 2005, 39(17): 4197–4203

[41] Monteith H D, Sahely H R, MacLean H L, Bagley D M. A rational procedure for estimation of greenhouse-gas emissions from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Water Environment Research, 2005, 77(4): 390–403

[42] Préndez M, Lara-González S. Application of strategies for sanitation management in wastewater treatment plants in order to control/reduce greenhouse gas emission. Journal of Environmental Management, 2008, 88(4): 658–664

[43] Rosso D, Stenstrom M K. The carbon-sequestration potential of municipal wastewater treatment. Chemosphere, 2008, 70(8): 1468–1475

[44] Kong H N, Kimochi Y, Mizuochi M, Inamori R, Inamori Y. Study of the characteristics of CH₄ and N₂O emission and methods of controlling their emission in the soil-trench wastewater treatment process. Science of the Total Environment, 2002, 290(1-3): 59–67

[45] Kimochi Y, Inamori Y, Mizuochi M, Xu K Q, Matsumura M. Nitrogen removal and N₂O emission in a full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plant with intermittent aeration. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 1998, 86(2): 202–206

[46] Kampschreur M J, Temmink H, Kleerebezem R, Jetten M S M, Van Loosdrecht M C M. Nitrous oxide emission during wastewater treatment. Water Research, 2009, 43(17): 4093–4103

[47] Wong B T, Show K Y, Lee D J, Lai J Y. Carbon balance of anaerobic granulation process: carbon credit. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(5): 1734–1739

[48] Inamori R, Gui P, Dass P, Matsumura M, Xu K Q, Kondo T, Ebie Y, Inamori Y. Investigating CH₄ and N₂O emissions from eco-engineering wastewater treatment processes using constructed wetland microcosms. Process Biochemistry, 2007, 42(3): 363–373

[49] Yacob S, Hassan M A, Shirai Y, Wakisaka M, Subash S. Baseline study of methane emission from open digesting tanks of palm oil mill effluent treatment. Chemosphere, 2005, 59(11): 1575–1581

[50] Vanotti M B, Szogi A A, Vives C A. Greenhouse gas emission reduction and environmental quality improvement from implementation of aerobic waste treatment systems in swine farms. Waste Management (New York), 2008, 28(4): 759–766

[51] Zhang Q H, Wang X C, Xiong J Q, Chen R, Cao B. Application of life cycle assessment for an evaluation of wastewater treatment and reuse project–Case study of Xi’an, China. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(5): 1421–1425

[52] Pera-Titus M, García-Molina V, Baños M A, Giménez J, Esplugas S. Degradation of chlorophenols by means of advanced oxidation processes: a general review. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 47(4): 219–256

[53] Mohapatra D P, Brar S K, Tyagi R D, Surampalli R Y. Physico-chemical pre-treatment and biotransformation of wastewater and wastewater Sludge-Fate of bisphenol A. Chemosphere, 2010, 78(8): 923–941

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin of China (No. 201101108), the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Northeast Dianli University (No.BSJXM-201014), the National Natural Science Foundation Program (Grant No. 50908063), the Major Program of the State Key Laboratory of China (Grant No. 2010DX09), and the Foundation for Creative Research Groups of China (Grant No. 50821002) for their financial support.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg