Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China
Jiansu MAO, Yanchun DU, Linyu XU, Yong ZENG
Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China
Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions, and has become a popular route to sustainable development. We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies: energy efficiency (ENE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-related eco-efficiency (GEE) using energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions as the environmental impacts. Using statistical data, we analyze China’s energy consumption and GHG emissions by industrial subsystem and sector, and estimate the ENE and GEE values for China in 2007 as 4.871×107US$/PJ and 4.26×108 US$/TgCO2eq, respectively. Industry is the primary contributing subsystem of China’s economy, contributing 45.2% to the total economic production, using 79.6% of the energy consumed, and generating 91.4% of the total GHG emissions. We distinguish the individual contributions of the 39 industrial sectors to the national economy, overall energy consumption, and GHG emissions, and estimate their energy-related eco-efficiencies. The results show that although ferrous metal production contributes only 3.5% to the national industrial economy, it consumes the most industrial energy (20% of total), contributes 16% to the total industrial global warming potential (GWP), and ranks third in GHG emissions. The power and heat sector ranks first in GHG emissions and contributes one-third of the total industrial GWP, although it only consumes about 8% of total industrial energy and, like ferrous metal production, contributes 3.5% to the national economy. The ENE of the ferrous metal and power and heat sectors are only 8 and 2.1×107 US$/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×104 US$/GgCO2eq, respectively; these are nearly the lowest ENE and GEE values among all 39 industry sectors. Finally, we discuss the possibility of eco-efficiency improvement through a comparison with other countries.
eco-efficiency / greenhouse gas (GHG) / global warming potential (GWP) / industrial sectors / energy saving
[1] |
Insam H, Wett B. Control of GHG emission at the microbial community level. Waste Management (New York), 2008, 28(4): 699–706
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[2] |
Rive N, Torvanger A, Fuglestvedt J S. Climate agreements based on responsibility for global warming: periodic updating, policy choices, and regional costs. Global Environmental Change, 2006, 16(2): 182–194
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[3] |
Cha K, Lim S, Hur T. Eco-efficiency approach for global warming in the context of Kyoto Mechanism. Ecological Economics, 2008, 67(2): 274–280
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[4] |
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development). Eco-efficiency. Paris: OECD, 1998
|
[5] |
Mao J S, Lu Z W, Yang Z F. Eco-efficiency of lead in China’s lead-acid battery system. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2006, 10(1/2): 185–197
|
[6] |
Aoe T. Eco-efficiency and eco-design in electrical and electronic products. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007, 15(15): 1406–1414
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[7] |
van Berkel R. Eco-efficiency in primary metals production: context, perspectives and methods. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2007, 51(3): 511–540
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[8] |
Ryan C. Climate change and ecodesign, Part I: the focus shifts to systems. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2008, 12(2): 140–143
|
[9] |
Ryan C. Climate change and ecodesign, Part II: exploring distributed systems. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2009, 13(3): 350–353
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[10] |
Wood R, Lenzen M. Aggregate measures of complex economic structure and evolution: a review and case study. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2009, 13(2): 264–283
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[11] |
Ashton W S. The structure, function, and evolution of a regional industrial ecosystem. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2009, 13(2): 228–246
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[12] |
DITS and NBS (Department of Industry and Transport Statistics. National Bureau of Statistics). China Energy Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008
|
[13] |
Xue G L. Energy problem: the “Bottleneck” that must be broken through for modernization of China. Journal of PLA Nanjing Institute of Politics, 2005, 21(122): 62–64 (in Chinese)
|
[14] |
Zhao J X, Meng X H. Discussion on the energy structure and strategy in China. Coal Economic Research, 2005, 6: 11–13 (in Chinese)
|
[15] |
IPCC. IPCC Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. IGES, Japan, 2006 http://www.ipcc-nggip. iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol2.html
|
[16] |
EIA (Energy information administration). Emission of greenhouse gases report, 2008 www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/index.html. accessed <month>December</month>2008
|
[17] |
SCPRC (State Council of the People’s Republic of China). General schemes for energy-saving & emission reduction. State Council Gazette, 2007, 19: 10–16 (in Chinese)
|
[18] |
Xu X Y. Energy-saving & emission reduction: a new start point of industrial restructure. Unity, 2007, 4: 37–39 (in Chinese)
|
[19] |
SCCSCP (State Climate Change Strategy and Coordination Panel). China Greenhouse Gas Research. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2007 (in Chinese)
|
[20] |
Lu Z W, Mao J S. Crossing “Environmental Mountain”—on the increase and decrease of environment impact in the process of economic growth. Engineering and Science, 2003, 5(12): 36–42 (in Chinese)
|
[21] |
Zhang J. Energy efficiency and economic growth of China: 1953–2006. Ecological Economics, 2009, 5(2): 122–131
|
[22] |
Mao J S, Yang Z F, Lu Z W, Liu R M. An economic model for environmental management and planning and its application. Acta Scientiarm Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2007a, 43(4): 509–516 (Nature Science)
|
[23] |
Mao J S, Yang Z F, Lu Z W, Liu R M. The relationship between industrial development and environmental impacts in China. Acta Scientiarm Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2007b, 43(6): 744–751 (Nature Science)
|
[24] |
Fang Y P. The main technology and measure for improving energy efficiency. Power Demand Side Management, 2009, 3:42–43, 46 (in Chinese)
|
[25] |
Zhang Y X, Liu J, Cheng J H. Changing trends and adjusting policies of China’s energy efficiency: an empirical analysis from the perspective of heavy industrial structure. Chinese Journal of Management, 2009, 6: 818–822 (in Chinese)
|
[26] |
Wang J S, He C F. Technological development, structural change and Chinese energy consumption efficiency. China Population Resources and Environment, 2009, 19(2): 157–161 (in Chinese)
|
[27] |
Wei C, Shen M H. Current progresses and new trend of research on energy efficiency: a literature review. Journal of Zhejiang University, 2009, 3: 55–63 (Humanities and Social Sciences)
|
[28] |
CBNS (China Bureau of National Standards). The National Standard GB/T4754—2002. Beijing: CBNS, 2003 (in Chinese)
|
[29] |
ISO. ISO14042: Environment management-life cycle assessment-life cycle impact assessment, 2000
|
[30] |
NBSC (National Bureau of Statistics of China). China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008
|
[31] |
Marland G. Uncertainties in accounting for CO2 from fossil fuels. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2008, 12(2): 136–139
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[32] |
Marland G, Hamal K, Jonas M. How uncertain are estimates of CO2 emissions? Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2009, 13(1): 4–7
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[33] |
Graedel T E, Allenby B R. Industrial Ecology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1995
|
/
〈 | 〉 |