RESEARCH ARTICLE

Molybdenum disulfide@nickel phyllosilicate hybrid for improving the flame retardancy and wear resistance of epoxy composites

  • Shibin Nie , 1,2,3 ,
  • Wei He 3 ,
  • Yuxuan Xu 3 ,
  • Wenli Zhai 3 ,
  • Hong Zhang 3 ,
  • Jinian Yang , 4
Expand
  • 1. School of Public Security and Emergency Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Hefei 231131, China
  • 2. Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center (Anhui Energy Laboratory), Hefei 230000, China
  • 3. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
  • 4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
nieshibin88@163.com
yangjinian@163.com

Received date: 04 Jun 2023

Accepted date: 24 Jul 2023

Published date: 15 Dec 2023

Copyright

2023 Higher Education Press

Abstract

In this study, nickel phyllosilicate was synthesized based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2@NiPS) by the sol-gel method, and then MoS2@NiPS was used to prepare epoxy composites. The thermal stability, flame retardancy, and frictional performances of epoxy composites were studied. With the addition of 3 wt% MoS2@NiPS, the epoxy composite increased the limiting oxygen index from 23.8% to 26.1% and reduced the vertical burning time from 166 s for epoxy resin to 35 s. The residual char of the epoxy composite increased from 11.8 to 20.2 wt%. MoS2@NiPS promoted the graphitization of the residual char, and facilitated the formation of a dense and continuous char layer, thereby improving the fire safety of epoxy resin. The epoxy composite with 3 wt% MoS2@NiPS had excellent wear resistance property with a wear rate of 2.19 × 10−5 mm3·N–1·m–1, which was 68.8% lower than that of epoxy resin. This study presented a practical approach to improve the frictional and fire resistance of epoxy composites.

Cite this article

Shibin Nie , Wei He , Yuxuan Xu , Wenli Zhai , Hong Zhang , Jinian Yang . Molybdenum disulfide@nickel phyllosilicate hybrid for improving the flame retardancy and wear resistance of epoxy composites[J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2023 , 17(12) : 2114 -2126 . DOI: 10.1007/s11705-023-2357-1

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Outstanding Youth Scientific Research Project in Anhui Province (Grant No. 2022AH020055), Key Research and Development Projects in Anhui Province (Grant No. 2022i01020016), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52074011), and the University Synergy innovation Program of Anhui Province (Grant No. GXXT-2022-018).
1
Pourchet S, Sonnier R, Ben-Abdelkader M, Gaillard Y, Ruiz Q, Placet V, Plasseraud L, Boni G. New reactive isoeugenol based phosphate flame retardant: toward green epoxy resins. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019, 7(16): 14074–14088

DOI

2
Tang G, Zhao R Q, Deng D, Yang Y D, Chen D P, Zhang B, Liu X L, Liu X Y. Self-extinguishing and transparent epoxy resin modified by a phosphine oxide-containing bio-based derivative. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2021, 15(5): 1269–1280

DOI

3
Wu T, Yang F H, Tao J, Zhao H B, Yu C B, Rao W H. Design of P-decorated POSS towards flame-retardant, mechanically-strong, tough and transparent epoxy resins. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2023, 640: 864–876

DOI

4
Wetzel B, Haupert F, Qiu Zhang M. Epoxy nanocomposites with high mechanical and tribological performance. Composites Science and Technology, 2003, 63(14): 2055–2067

DOI

5
Chang L, Zhang Z, Ye L, Friedrich K. Tribological properties of epoxy nanocomposites: III. Characteristics of transfer films. Wear, 2007, 262(5–6): 699–706

DOI

6
Morgan A B. The future of flame retardant polymers—unmet needs and likely new approaches. Polymer Reviews (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2019, 59(1): 25–54

DOI

7
Carosio F, Fina A. Three organic/inorganic nanolayers on flexible foam allow retaining superior flame retardancy performance upon mechanical compression cycles. Frontiers in Materials, 2019, 6: 20

DOI

8
Pan Y, Liu L X, Cai W, Hu Y, Jiang S D, Zhao H T. Effect of layer-by-layer self-assembled sepiolite-based nanocoating on flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of flexible polyurethane foam. Applied Clay Science, 2019, 168: 230–236

DOI

9
Yu B, Shi Y Q, Yuan B H, Qiu S L, Xing W Y, Hu W Z, Song L, Lo S M, Hu Y. Thermal and flame retardant properties of flame-retardant-wrapped graphene/epoxy resin nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2015, 3(15): 8034–8044

DOI

10
Yu B, Tawiah B, Wang L Q, Yuen A C Y, Zhang Z C, Shen L L, Lin B, Fei B, Yang W, Li A. . Interface decoration of exfoliated MXene ultra-thin nanosheets for fire and smoke suppressions of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2019, 374: 110–119

11
Yan L, Xu Z S, Zhang J. Influence of nanoparticle geometry on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of high-impact polystyrene nanocomposites. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2017, 130(3): 1987–1996

DOI

12
Dittrich B, Wartig K A, Hofmann D, Müelhaupt R, Schartel B. The influence of layered, spherical, and tubular carbon nanomaterials’ concentration on the flame retardancy of polypropylene. Polymer Composites, 2015, 36(7): 1230–1241

DOI

13
Bian Z F, Kawi S. Preparation, characterization and catalytic application of phyllosilicate: a review. Catalysis Today, 2020, 339: 3–23

DOI

14
Lee J H, Cho E B. High hydrothermal stability of mesoporous Ni-phyllosilicate spherical particles. Applied Surface Science, 2022, 590: 153114

DOI

15
Yang J N, Li Z Y, Xu Y X, Nie S B, Liu Y. Effect of nickel phyllosilicate on the morphological structure, thermal properties and wear resistance of epoxy nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Research, 2020, 27(9): 274

DOI

16
Yang J N, Xu Y X, Nie S B, Feng X S, Jiang L. Effect of organic-modified nickel phyllosilicates on the tribological, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021, 14: 692–702

DOI

17
Yang J N, Feng X S, Nie S B, Xu Y X, Li Z Y. Self-sacrificial templating synthesis of flower-like nickel phyllosilicates and its application as high-performance reinforcements in epoxy nanocomposites. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2022, 16(4): 484–497

DOI

18
Nie S B, Jin D, Xu Y X, Han C, Dong X, Yang J N. Effect of a flower-like nickel phyllosilicate-containing iron on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2020, 9(5): 10189–10197

DOI

19
Jiang Y X, Wang D G, Pan Z D, Ma H J, Li M, Li J H, Zheng A D, Lv G, Tian Z J. Microemulsion-mediated hydrothermal synthesis of flower-like MoS2 nanomaterials with enhanced catalytic activities for anthracene hydrogenation. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2018, 12(1): 32–42

DOI

20
Srinivas V, Thakur R N, Jain A K, Saratchandra Babu M. Tribological studies of transmission oil dispersed with molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide nanoparticles. Journal of Tribology, 2017, 139(4): 041301

DOI

21
Cai P, Wang T M, Wang Q H. Effect of several solid lubricants on the mechanical and tribological properties of phenolic resin-based composites. Polymer Composites, 2015, 36(12): 2203–2211

DOI

22
Wang D, Song L, Zhou K Q, Yu X J, Hu Y, Wang J. Anomalous nano-barrier effects of ultrathin molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for improving the flame retardance of polymer nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2015, 3(27): 14307–14317

DOI

23
Yang L, Mukhopadhyay A, Jiao Y C, Yong Q, Chen L, Xing Y J, Hamel J, Zhu H L. Ultralight, highly thermally insulating and fire resistant aerogel by encapsulating cellulose nanofibers with two-dimensional MoS2. Nanoscale, 2017, 9(32): 11452–11462

DOI

24
Sui Y L, Li P H, Dai X Y, Zhang C L. Green self-assembly of h-BN@PDA@MoS2 nanosheets by polydopamine as fire hazard suppression materials. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 2021, 165: 104965

DOI

25
Zhou K Q, Gao R, Qian X D. Self-assembly of exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and layered double hydroxide (LDH): towards reducing fire hazards of epoxy. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 338: 343–355

DOI

26
Zhou K Q, Jiang S H, Bao C L, Song L, Wang B B, Tang G, Hu Y, Gui Z. Preparation of poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2): structural characteristics and markedly enhanced properties. RSC Advances, 2012, 2(31): 11695–11703

DOI

27
Xu Y X, Nie S X, Dai G L, Yang J N, Dong X, Feng X S. Effect of phosphorus-modified nickel phyllosilicates on the thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical property of epoxy composites. Journal of Polymer Research, 2022, 29(1): 10

DOI

28
Burattin P, Che M, Louis C. Characterization of the Ni(II) phase formed on silica upon deposition-precipitation. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1997, 101(36): 7060–7074

DOI

29
Kermarec M, Carriat J Y, Burattin P, Che M, Decarreau A. FTIR identification of the supported phases produced in the preparation of silica-supported nickel catalysts. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994, 98(46): 12008–12017

DOI

30
Kibsgaard J, Chen Z, Reinecke B N, Jaramillo T F. Engineering the surface structure of MoS2 to preferentially expose active edge sites for electrocatalysis. Nature Materials, 2012, 11(11): 963–969

DOI

31
Zou B, Qiu S L, Qian Z Y, Wang J W, Zhou Y F, Xu Z M, Yang W H, Xing W Y. Phosphorus/nitrogen-codoped molybdenum disulfide/cobalt borate nanostructures for flame-retardant and tribological applications. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2021, 4(10): 10495–10504

DOI

32
Qiu C, Jiang J, Ai L H. When layered nickel-cobalt silicate hydroxide nanosheets meet carbon nanotubes: a synergetic coaxial nanocable structure for enhanced electrocatalytic water oxidation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016, 8(1): 945–951

DOI

33
Xu D H, Wang S J, Hu J W, Liu Y, Jiang Z M, Zhu P. Enhancing antibacterial and flame-retardant performance of cotton fabric with an iminodiacetic acid-containing N-halamine. Cellulose, 2021, 28(5): 3265–3277

DOI

34
Xu Y X, Dai G L, Nie S B, Yang J N, Liu S, Zhang H, Dong X. Nickel-based metal-organic framework-derived whisker-shaped nickel phyllosilicate toward efficiently enhanced mechanical, flammable and tribological properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2022, 16(10): 1493–1504

DOI

35
Chen X S, Lin X B, Ye W, Xu B Y, Wang D Y. Polyelectrolyte as highly efficient flame retardant to epoxy: synthesis, characterization and mechanism. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 2022, 206: 110181

DOI

36
Yu C B, Wu T, Yang F H, Wang H, Rao W H, Zhao H B. Interfacial engineering to construct P-loaded hollow nanohybrids for flame-retardant and high-performance epoxy resins. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 628: 851–863

DOI

37
Wang C, Huo S Q, Ye G F, Song P G, Wang H, Liu Z. Liu Z T. A P/Si-containing polyethylenimine curing agent towards transparent, durable fire-safe, mechanically-robust and tough epoxy resins. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 451: 138768

DOI

38
Rao W H, Tao J, Yang F H, Wu T, Yu C B, Zhao H B. Growth of copper organophosphate nanosheets on graphene oxide to improve fire safety and mechanical strength of epoxy resins. Chemosphere, 2023, 311: 137047

DOI

39
Tao J, Yang F H, Wu T, Shi J J, Zhao H B, Rao W H. Thermal insulation, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and reinforcement of rigid polyurethane foam enabled by incorporating a P/Cu-hybrid silica aerogel. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 461: 142061

DOI

40
Yuan J Y, Zhang Z Z, Yang M M, Guo F, Men X H, Liu W M. Surface modification of hybrid-fabric composites with amino silane and polydopamine for enhanced mechanical and tribological behaviors. Tribology International, 2017, 107: 10–17

DOI

41
Wang Q H, Zhang X R, Pei X Q. Study on the friction and wear behavior of basalt fabric composites filled with graphite and nano-SiO2. Materials & Design, 2010, 31(3): 1403–1409

DOI

42
Yang J N, Xu Y X, Su C, Nie S B, Li Z Y. Synthesis of hierarchical nanohybrid CNT@Ni-PS and itsapplications in enhancing thetribological, curing and thermalproperties of epoxy nanocomposites. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2021, 15(5): 1281–1295

DOI

43
Dasari A, Yu Z Z, Mai Y W. Fundamental aspects and recent progress on wear/scratch damage in polymer nanocomposites. Materials Science and Engineering R Reports, 2009, 63(2): 31–80

DOI

Outlines

/