Beta-cyclodextrin adsorbents to remove water pollutants—a commentary

Abstract

Beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbent is a promising adsorbent because it has unique characteristics and able to form host-guest complexes with various organic compounds. Adsorption using beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbent has continuously improved by various preparation strategies and crosslinking agents. This commentary aims to highlight the preparation strategies, properties, and adsorption mechanisms of beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbents. The adsorbents can be generally classified according to the preparation methods and display high adsorption capacity especially for dyes. Particularly, composite/nanocomposite beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbents exhibit outstanding adsorption capacity even though the surface area is lower than that of porous and magnetic beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbents. The beta-cyclodextrin/chitosan functionalized graphene oxide hydrogel with specific surface of 17.6 m²·g^–1 yields an extraordinarily maximum adsorption capacity of 1499 mg·g^–1 methylene blue, while beta-cyclodextrin/chitosan modified with iron(II, III) oxide nanoparticles displays a much greater maximum adsorption capacity at 2780 mg·g^–1. The hydrophobic interaction, functional groups, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction govern the adsorption to a greater capacity. Although this commentary is not exhaustive, the preparation strategies and illustrated mechanisms provide useful insights into the adsorbent–adsorbate interactions, cost-effective analysis, challenges, and future directions of beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbents in wastewater treatment.

Key words： beta-cyclodextrin adsorbent; adsorption; inclusion complex; mechanism; water pollutant; wastewater treatment

Acknowledgments

This work was fully supported by the Ministry of Education Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS No. 4F995).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11705-022-2146-2 and is accessible for authorized users.

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