REVIEW ARTICLE

Surface-tailoring chlorine resistant materials and strategies for polyamide thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes

  • Pei Sean Goh ,
  • Kar Chun Wong ,
  • Tuck Whye Wong ,
  • Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
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  • Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

Received date: 15 Apr 2021

Accepted date: 23 Aug 2021

Published date: 15 May 2022

Copyright

2021 Higher Education Press

Abstract

Polyamide thin film composite membranes have dominated current reverse osmosis market on account of their excellent separation performances compared to the integrally skinned counterparts. Despite their very promising separation performance, chlorine-induced degradation resulted from the susceptibility of polyamide toward chlorine attack has been regarded as the Achilles’s heel of polyamide thin film composite. The free chlorine species present during chlorine treatment can impair membrane performance through chlorination and depolymerization of the polyamide selective layer. From material point of view, a chemically stable membrane is crucial for the sustainable application of membrane separation process as it warrants a longer membrane lifespan and reduces the cost involved in membrane replacement. Various strategies, particularly those involved membrane material optimization and surface modifications, have been established to address this issue. This review discusses membrane degradation by free chlorine attack and its correlation with the surface chemistry of polyamide. The advancement in the development of chlorine resistant polyamide thin film composite membranes is reviewed based on the state-of-the-art surface modifications and tailoring approaches which include the in situ and post-fabrication membrane modifications using a broad range of functional materials. The challenges and future directions in this field are also highlighted.

Cite this article

Pei Sean Goh , Kar Chun Wong , Tuck Whye Wong , Ahmad Fauzi Ismail . Surface-tailoring chlorine resistant materials and strategies for polyamide thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes[J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2022 , 16(5) : 564 -591 . DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2109-z

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under Malaysia Research University Network Grant (Grant No. 4L862) and the research support provided by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
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