A combination process of mineral carbonation with SO₂ disposal for simulated flue gas by magnesia-added seawater

Abstract

The desulfurization by seawater and mineral carbonation have been paid more and more attention. In this study, the feasibility of magnesia and seawater for the integrated disposal of SO₂ and CO₂ in the simulated flue gas was investigated. The process was conducted by adding MgO in seawater to reinforce the absorption of SO₂ and facilitate the mineralization of CO₂ by calcium ions. The influences of various factors, including digestion time of magnesia, reaction temperature, and salinity were also investigated. The results show that the reaction temperature can effectively improve the carbonation reaction. After combing SO₂ removal process with mineral carbonation, Ca²⁺ removal rate has a certain degree of decrease. The best carbonation condition is to use 1.5 times artificial seawater (the concentrations of reagents are 1.5 times of seawater) at 80°C and without digestion of magnesia. The desulfurization rate is close to 100% under any condition investigated, indicating that the seawater has a sufficient desulfurization capacity with adding magnesia. This work has demonstrated that a combination of the absorption of SO₂ with the absorption and mineralization of CO₂ is feasible.

Key words： mineral carbonation; wet SO₂ disposal; seawater; desulfurization

Acknowledgements

The work is supported by Science and technology project of Hebei Province (No. 17273101D), Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2017M611142), National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2016YFB0600500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21306037), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT14R14).

References

1 World Meteorological Organization: The state of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere based on global observations through 2016. WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin), 2017-10-30

2 UN News Centre. Carbon dioxide levels surge to new high in 2016. UN weather agency reports, 2017-10-30

3 Aslam A, Thomas-Hall S R, Mughal T A, Schenk P M. Selection and adaptation of microalgae to growth in 100% unfiltered coal-fired flue gas. Bioresource Technology, 2017, 233: 271–283

4 Yadav G, Karemore A, Dash S K, Sen R. Performance evaluation of a green process for microalgal CO₂ sequestration in closed photobioreactor using flue gas generated in-situ. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 191: 399–406

5 Liémans I, Thomas D. Simultaneous NO_x and SO_x Reduction from oxyfuel exhaust gases using acidic solutions containing hydrogen peroxide. Energy Procedia, 2013, 37: 1348–1356

6 Mumford K A, Yue W, Smith K H, Stevens G W. Review of solvent based carbon-dioxide capture technologies. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2015, 9(2): 125–141

7 Metz B, Davidson O, Coninck H C, Loos M, Meyer L A. Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, 5: 197–265

8 Gaus I. Role and impact of CO₂—rock interactions during CO₂, storage in sedimentary rocks. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2010, 4(1): 73–89

9 Baines S J, Worden R H. The long-term fate of CO₂ in the subsurface: Natural analogues for CO₂ storage. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 2004, 233(1): 59–85

10 Gunter W D, Perkins E H, Hutcheon I. Aquifer disposal of acid gases: Modelling of water—rock reactions for trapping of acid wastes. Applied Geochemistry, 2000, 15(8): 1085–1095

11 Xu R, Li R, Ma J, He D, Jiang P. Effect of mineral dissolution/precipitation and CO₂ exsolution on CO₂ transport in geological carbon storage. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2017, 50(9): 2056–2066

12 Park S, Lee M G, Park J. CO₂ (carbon dioxide) fixation by applying new chemical absorption-precipitation methods. Energy, 2013, 59(11): 737–742

13 Liang Y, Tsuji S, Jia J, Tsuji T, Matsuoka T. Modeling CO₂-water-mineral wettability and mineralization for carbon geosequestration. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2017, 50(7): 1530–1540

14 Teng H, Masutani S, Kinoshita C, Nihous G. Solubility of CO₂ in the ocean and its effect on CO₂ dissolution. Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 1996, 37(4): 308

15 Weiss R F. Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: The solubility of a non-ideal gas. Marine Chemistry, 1974, 2(3): 203–215

16 Zhao Y, Yuan J, Zhang J, Xie L, Ji Z, Su M, Chen J. A different approach for seawater decalcification pretreatment using carbon dioxide as precipitator. Desalination, 2013, 322(4): 151–158

17 Zhao Y, Cao H, Xie Y, Yuan J, Ji Z, Yan Z. Mechanism studies of a CO₂ participant softening pretreatment process for seawater desalination. Desalination, 2016, 393: 166–173

18 Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Gao J, Ji Z, Guo X, Liu J, Yuan J. Trash to treasure: Seawater pretreatment by CO₂ mineral carbonation using brine pretreatment waste of soda ash plant as alkali source. Desalination, 2017, 407: 85–92

19 Gao J, Wang S, Zhao B, Qi G, Chen C. Pilot-scale experimental study on the CO₂ capture process with existing of SO₂: Degradation, reaction rate, and mass transfer. Energy & Fuels, 2011, 25(12): 5802–5809

20 Karousos D S, Labropoulos A I, Sapalidis A, Kanellopoulos N K, Iliev B, Schubert T J S, Romanos G E. Nanoporous ceramic supported ionic liquid membranes for CO₂ and SO₂ removal from flue gas. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 313: 777–790

21 Li K, Yu H, Qi G, Feron P, Tade M, Yu J, Wang S. Rate-based modelling of combined SO₂ removal and NH₃ recycling integrated with an aqueous NH₃-based CO₂ capture process. Applied Energy, 2015, 148: 66–77

22 Qi G, Wang S. Thermodynamic modeling of NH₃-CO₂-SO₂-K₂SO₄–H₂O system for combined CO₂ and SO₂ capture using aqueous NH₃. Applied Energy, 2017, 191: 549–558

23 Manovic V, Anthony E J, Loncarevic D. SO₂ Retention by CaO-based sorbent spent in CO₂ looping cycles. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2009, 48(14): 6627–6632

24 Li Y, Liu C, Sun R, Liu H, Wu S, Lu C. Sequential SO₂/CO₂ capture of calcium-based solid waste from the paper industry in the calcium looping process. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012, 51(49): 16042–16048

25 Wappel D, Joswig S, Khan A A, Smith K H, Kentish S E, Shallcross D C, Stevens G W. The solubility of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide in an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2011, 5(6): 1454–1459

26 Ebrahimi S, Picioreanu C, Kleerebezem R, Heijnen J J, van Loosdrecht M C M. Rate-based modelling of SO₂ absorption into aqueous NaHCO₃/Na₂CO₃ solutions accompanied by the desorption of CO₂. Chemical Engineering Science, 2003, 58(16): 3589–3600

27 Vidal B F, Ollero P, Gutiérrez Ortiz F J, Villanueva A. Catalytic seawater flue gas desulfurization process: An experimental pilot plant study. Environmental Science & Technology, 2007, 41(20): 7114–7119

28 Al-Anezi K, Hilal N. Effect of carbon dioxide in seawater on desalination: A comprehensive review. Separation and Purification Reviews, 2006, 35(3): 223–247

29 Smithson G L, Bakhshi N N. Kinetics and mechanism of carbonation of magnesium oxide slurries. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 1973, 12(1): 99–106

30 Liu Q, Maroto-Valer M M. Studies of pH buffer systems to promote carbonate formation for CO₂ sequestration in brines. Fuel Processing Technology, 2012, 98(16): 6–13

31 Swanson E J, Fricker K J, Sun M, Park A H. Directed precipitation of hydrated and anhydrous magnesium carbonates for carbon storage. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2014, 16(42): 23440–23450

32 Hosseini T, Daneshpayeh M, Selomulya C, Haque N, Zhang L. Chemical kinetic modeling and parameter sensitivity analysis for the carbonation of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ under ambient conditions. Hydrometallurgy, 2017, 167: 141–152

33 Zhao Y, Wu M, Guo X, Zhang Y, Ji Z, Wang J, Liu J, Liu J, Wang Z, Chi Q, Yuan J. Thorough conversion of CO₂ through two-step accelerated mineral carbonation in the MgCl₂-CaCl₂-H₂O system. Separation and Purification Technology, 2019, 210: 343–354

34 Shen Z, Chen X, Tong M, Guo S, Ni M, Lu J. Studies on magnesium-based wet flue gas desulfurization process with oxidation inhibition of the byproduct. Fuel, 2013, 105(1): 578–584

35 del Valle-Zermeño R, Formosa J, Aparicio J A, Chimenos J M. Reutilization of low-grade magnesium oxides for flue gas desulfurization during calcination of natural magnesite: A closed-loop process. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 254(7): 63–72

36 Wang F, Dreisinger D, Jarvis M, Hitchins T. Kinetics and mechanism of mineral carbonation of olivine for CO₂ sequestration. Minerals Engineering, 2019, 131: 185–197

37 Bobicki E, Liu Q X, Xu Z H, Zeng H B. Carbon capture and storage using alkaline industrial wastes. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2012, 38(2): 302–320

38 Aloisi G. A pronounced fall in the CaCO₃ saturation state and the total alkalinity of the surface ocean during the Mid Mesozoic. Chemical Geology, 2018, 487: 39–53

39 Al-Yaseri A Z, Lebedev M, Barifcani A, Iglauer S. Receding and advancing (CO₂ + brine+ quartz) contact angles as a function of pressure, temperature, surface roughness, salt type and salinity. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2016, 93: 416–423

40 Teng H, Masutani S M, Kinoshita C M, Nihous G C. Solubility of CO₂ in the ocean and its effect on CO₂ dissolution. Energy Conversion and Management, 1996, 37(6–8): 1029–1038

41 Weiss R F. Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: The solubility of a non-ideal gas. Marine Chemistry, 1974, 2(3): 203–215

42 Feely R, Sabine C, Lee K, Berelson W, Kleypas J, Fabry V, Millero F. Impact of anthropogenic CO₂ on the CaCO₃ system in the oceans. Science, 2004, 305(5682): 362–366

43 Park S, Lee M G, Park J. CO₂ (carbon dioxide) fixation by applying new chemical absorption-precipitation methods. Energy, 2013, 59(11): 737–742

44 Yang J, Yu X H, Yan J Y, Tu S T, Dahlquist E. Effects of SO₂ on CO₂ capture using a hollow fiber membrane contactor. Applied Energy, 2013, 112: 755–764

45 Li X, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Zheng C. Effect of SO₂ on CO₂ Absorption in flue gas by ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015, 54(34): 8569–8578