Developing indium-oxide based catalysts for efficient hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol: a mini-review

Abstract

While the use of fossil fuels has contributed to the progress and development of human society, the huge amount of CO₂ is emitted, which has led to the deterioration of the ecological environment. Converting CO₂ into valuable methanol is a key strategy for its utilization. In₂O₃ catalyst has attracted much attention due to its high selectivity and performance in methanol production. This paper reviews the structural characteristics, catalytic sites and pathways of In₂O₃, and the latest research progress of In₂O₃-based catalysts in CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. Moreover, the review outlines various strategies to enhance In-based catalysts, including: (I) loading metal particles to promote H₂ dissociation, (II) formation of metal-In₂O₃ interfaces to enhance CO₂ adsorption, (III) bimetallic catalysts to improve catalytic kinetics, (IV) combining In₂O₃ with metal oxides to stabilize surface oxygen vacancies, (V) constructing solid-solution catalysts, and (VI) combining with other catalysts to construct composite catalysts, etc. In₂O₃-based catalysts have broad application prospects in the field of CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. Through various structural and principle innovations, it is expected to improve the comprehensive performance and provide theoretical guidance for catalyst design.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

indium oxide / hydrogenation / carbon dioxide / methanol / catalysis

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Acknowledgements

This work has been financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U2202251, 52466006 and 52174279), Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (Grant Nos. 202301AU070027 and 202401AT070388), Major R&D Special Project of Yunnan Province “Research and Application of Catalytic Conversion of CO₂ to High Value Chemicals” (Grant No. 202302AG050005), Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 202201AV070004), Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund (Grant No. 202207AA110001) and the analyze test fund of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2023T20210207).

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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