Mechanistic studies of zeolite catalysis via in situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: progress and prospects

Abstract

Zeolites, with their exquisite microporous frameworks and tailorable acidities, serve as ubiquitous catalysts across a diverse spectrum of industrial applications, ranging from petroleum and coal processing to sustainable chemistry and environmental remediation. Optimizing their performance hinges on a thorough understanding of the structure-performance relationship. In situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has emerged as a critical tool, providing unparalleled atomic-level insights into both structure and dynamic aspects of zeolite-catalyzed reactions. Herein, we review recent progress in the development and application of the in situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance technique to zeolite catalysis. We first review the in situ nuclear magnetic resonance techniques used in zeolite-catalyzed reaction, including batch-like and continuous-flow reaction modes. The conditions and limitations for these techniques are thoroughly summarized. Subsequently, we review the applications of in situ nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in zeolite-catalyzed reaction, focusing on some important catalytic reactions like methanol-to-hydrocarbons, ethanol dehydration, alkane activation, and beyond. Emphasis is placed on the strategies of specific in situ nuclear magnetic resonance methodologies to tackle critical challenges encountered in these fields, such as probing intermediates and unraveling reaction mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the burgeoning opportunities and prospective challenges associated with in situ nuclear magnetic resonance studies of zeolite-catalyzed processes.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

heterogeneous catalysis / solid-state NMR / reaction mechanism / zeolites / characterization

References

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Competing interests

The authours declare that they have no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2023YFB4103600 and 2023YFB4103700), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB0540000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 22072165, 22127801, 22225205, 22320102002, and 22161132028), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2021329), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2021CFA021), the Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Program (Grant No. 2022EHB021), and the International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Sustainable the Catalysis and Magnetic Resonance (Grant No. SH2303), and the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province.

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