High-gravity intensified iron-carbon micro-electrolysis for degradation of dinitrotoluene

Abstract

The application of iron–carbon (Fe–C) micro-electrolysis to wastewater treatment is limited by the passivation potential of the Fe–C packing. In order to address this problem, high-gravity intensified Fe–C micro-electrolysis was proposed in this study for degradation of dinitrotoluene wastewater in a rotating packed bed (RPB) using commercial Fe–C particles as the packing. The effects of reaction time, high-gravity factor, liquid flow rate and initial solution pH were investigated. The degradation intermediates were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the possible degradation pathways of nitro compounds by Fe–C micro-electrolysis in RPB were also proposed. It is found that under optimal conditions, the removal rate of nitro compounds reaches 68.4% at 100 min. The removal rate is maintained at approximately 68% after 4 cycles in RPB, but it is decreased substantially from 57.9% to 36.8% in a stirred tank reactor. This is because RPB can increase the specific surface area and the renewal of the liquid–solid interface, and as a result the degradation efficiency of Fe–C micro-electrolysis is improved and the active sites on the Fe–C surface can be regenerated for continuous use. In conclusion, high-gravity intensified Fe–C micro-electrolysis can weaken the passivation of Fe–C particles and extend their service life.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

high-gravity technology / rotating packed bed / Fe–C micro-electrolysis / dinitrotoluene wastewater / active sites

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Fund for Shanxi “1331 Project” (Grant No. nuc2021-006), Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province (Grant No. 20200004) and Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (Grant No. 2019032).

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