Utilization of waste vanadium-bearing resources in the preparation of rare-earth vanadate catalysts for semi-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes

Abstract

Recycling industrial solid waste not only saves resources but also eliminates environmental concerns of toxic threats. Herein, we proposed a new strategy for the utilization of petrochemical-derived carbon black waste, a waste vanadium-bearing resource (V > 30000 ppm (10 ⁻⁶)). Chemical leaching was employed to extract metallic vanadium from the waste and the leachate containing V was used as an alternative raw material for the fabrication of vanadate nanomaterials. Through the screening of various metal cations, it was found that the contaminated Na⁺ during the leaching process showed strong competitive coordination with the vanadium ions. However, by adding foreign Ce³⁺ and Y³⁺ cations, two rare-earth vanadates, viz., flower-like CeVO₄ and spherical YVO₄ nanomaterials, were successfully synthesized. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and N₂ physisorption were applied to analyze the physicochemical properties of the waste-derived nanomaterials. Importantly, we found that rare-earth vanadate catalysts exhibited good activities toward the semi-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The conversion of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic alcohol selectivity were even higher than those of the common CeVO₄ prepared using pure chemicals (67.2% vs. 27.7% and 88.4% vs. 53.5%). Our work provides a valuable new reference for preparing vanadate catalysts by the use of abundant vanadium-bearing waste resources.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

petrochemical solid wastes / vanadium recovery / resource utilization / nanomaterials / semi-hydrogenation

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U21A20324 and 21908073), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (Grant Nos. 2019J01074 and 2021J06026). We also thank Mr. Pingping Chen from Fujian Refining & Petrochemical Company for the helpful discussions on this project and thank the Analysis and Testing Center of Huaqiao University for providing part of the characterizations.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11705-022-2191-x and is accessible for authorized users.

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