Hydrophilic modification of poly(aryl sulfone) membrane materials toward highly-efficient environmental remediation

Abstract

Poly(aryl sulfone) as a typical membrane material has been widely used due to excellent mechanical, chemical and thermal stability. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of poly(aryl sulfone) based membranes bears with the fouling issue during applications, which makes the membrane tending to adsorb contaminants on the surface so as to result in decreased separation performance and lifetime. In this critical review, we give a comprehensive overview on characterizations of hydrophilic membrane and diverse hydrophilic modification approaches of poly(aryl sulfone) membranes, predominantly including bulky, blending and surface modification technology. The discussions on the different modification methods have been provided in-depth. Besides, focusing on modification methods and performance of modified membranes, the related mechanisms for the performance enhancement are discussed too. At last, the perspectives are provided to guide the future directions to develop novel technology to manipulate the hydrophilicity of poly(aryl sulfone) membranes toward diverse practical and multi-functional applications.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

poly(aryl sulfone) / membrane separations / modification / hydrophilicity / water treatment

References

[1] Bolisetty S, Peydayesh M, Mezzenga R. Sustainable technologies for water purification from heavy metals: review and analysis. Chemical Society Reviews, 2019, 48(2): 463–487

[2] Sholl D S, Lively R P. Seven chemical separations to change the world. Nature, 2016, 532(7600): 435–437

[3] Lively R P, Sholl D S. From water to organics in membrane separations. Nature Materials, 2017, 16(3): 276–279

[4] Kordjazi S, Kamyab K, Hemmatinejad N. Super-hydrophilic/oleophobic chitosan/acrylamide hydrogel: an efficient water/oil separation filter. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2020, 3(2): 167–176

[5] Hube S, Eskafi M, Hrafnkelsdottir K F, Bjarnadottir B, Bjarnadottir M A, Axelsdottir S, Wu B. Direct membrane filtration for wastewater treatment and resource recovery: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 710: 136375

[6] Warsinger D M, Chakraborty S, Tow E W, Plumlee M H, Bellona C, Loutatidou S, Karimi L, Mikelonis A M, Achilli A, Ghassemi A, . A review of polymeric membranes and processes for potable water reuse. Progress in Polymer Science, 2018, 81: 209–237

[7] Cai J, Cao X L, Zhao Y, Zhou F Y, Cui Z L, Wang Y, Sun S P. The establishment of high-performance anti-fouling nanofiltration membranes via cooperation of annular supramolecular Cucurbit 6 uril and dendritic polyamidoamine. Journal of Membrane Science, 2020, 600: 117863

[8] Zhao Y Y, Zhang Y Q, Li F R, Bai Y P, Pan Y L, Ma J, Zhang S, Shao L. Ultra-robust superwetting hierarchical membranes constructed by coordination complex networks for oily water treatment. Journal of Membrane Science, 2021, 627: 119234

[9] Shen L, Tian L, Zuo J, Zhang X, Sun S P, Wang Y. Developing high-performance thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes by various tertiary amine catalysts for desalination. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2019, 2(1): 51–69

[10] Zhang S S, Zhou J M, Wang Z G, Xia J Z, Wang Y. Preparation of polysulfone-based block copolymer ultrafiltration membranes by selective swelling and sacrificing nanofillers. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2021, in press

[11] Alenazi N A, Hussein M A, Alamry K A, Asiri A M. Modified polyether-sulfone membrane: a mini review. Designed Monomers and Polymers, 2017, 20(1): 532–546

[12] Nady N, Franssen M C R, Zuilhof H, Eldin M S M, Boom R, Schroen K. Modification methods for poly(aryl sulfone) membranes: a mini-review focusing on surface modification. Desalination, 2011, 275(1–3): 1–9

[13] Tempelman K, Casanova S, Benes N E. The effect of hydrocarbon pollution on polysulfone-based membranes in aqueous separations. Separation and Purification Technology, 2019, 224: 348–355

[14] Abdallah H, El-Gendi A, Khedr M, El-Zanati E. Hydrophobic polyethersulfone porous membranes for membrane distillation. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2015, 9(1): 84–93

[15] Emin C, Kurnia E, Katalia I, Ulbricht M. Polyarylsulfone-based blend ultrafiltration membranes with combined size and charge selectivity for protein separation. Separation and Purification Technology, 2018, 193: 127–138

[16] He M B, Liu Z, Li T, Chen C, Liu B C, Crittenden J C. Effect of adding a smart potassium ion-responsive copolymer into polysulfone support membrane on the performance of thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2019, 13(2): 400–414

[17] Dizman C, Tasdelen M A, Yagci Y. Recent advances in the preparation of functionalized polysulfones. Polymer International, 2013, 62(7): 991–1007

[18] Liu M, Liu S H, Xu Z L, Wei Y M, Yang H. Formation of microporous polymeric membranes via thermally induced phase separation: a review. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2016, 10(1): 57–75

[19] Guo W, Ngo H H, Li J. A mini-review on membrane fouling. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 122: 27–34

[20] Kochkodan V, Johnson D J, Hilal N. Polymeric membranes: surface modification for minimizing (bio)colloidal fouling. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2014, 206: 116–140

[21] Cheng X Q, Jiao Y, Sun Z K, Yang X B, Cheng Z J, Bai Q, Zhang Y J, Wang K, Shao L. Constructing scalable superhydrophobic membranes for ultrafast water-oil separation. ACS Nano, 2021, 15(2): 3500–3508

[22] Zhang Y Q, Sun H G, Sadam H, Liu Y Y, Shao L. Supramolecular chemistry assisted construction of ultra-stable solvent-resistant membranes for angstrom-sized molecular separation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 371: 535–543

[23] Gorgun N, Ozer C, Polat K. A new catalyst material from electrospun PVDF-HFP nanofibers by using magnetron-sputter coating for the treatment of dye-polluted waters. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2019, 2(3): 423–430

[24] Chen Y F, Zhang Y T, Zhang H Q, Liu J D, Song C H. Biofouling control of halloysite nanotubes-decorated polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane modified with chitosan-silver nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 228: 12–20

[25] Cheng X Q, Li S, Bao H, Yang X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang K, Ma J, Ullah A, Shao L. Poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate)-grafted UiO-66 composite membranes boosting highly efficient molecular separation for environmental remediation. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2021, 4(3): 562–573

[26] Sun H G, Zhang Y Q, Li S, Bai Y, Ma J, Shao L. Multifunctional core-shell zwitterionic nanoparticles to build robust, stable antifouling membranes via magnetic-controlled surface segregation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(38): 35501–35508

[27] Zhang R N, Liu Y N, He M R, Su Y L, Zhao X T, Elimelech M, Jiang Z Y. Antifouling membranes for sustainable water purification: strategies and mechanisms. Chemical Society Reviews, 2016, 45(21): 5888–5924

[28] Kochkodan V, Hilal N. A comprehensive review on surface modified polymer membranes for biofouling mitigation. Desalination, 2015, 356: 187–207

[29] Dashairya L, Sahu A, Saha P. Stearic acid treated polypyrrole-encapsulated melamine formaldehyde superhydrophobic sponge for oil recovery. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2019, 2(1): 70–82

[30] Mbaab C, Baoyu R, Li C Y, Tahir M, Zhang X H, Zhang Z H. Evaluating the impacts of a high concentration of powdered activated carbon in a ceramic membrane bioreactor: mixed liquor properties, hydraulic performance and fouling mechanism. Journal of Membrane Science, 2020, 616(15): 118561

[31] Yao M, Tijing L D, Naidu G, Kim S H, Matsuyama H, Fane A G, Shon H K. A review of membrane wettability for the treatment of saline water deploying membrane distillation. Desalination, 2020, 479: 114312

[32] Amalraj A, Raj K K J, Haponiuk J T, Thomas S, Gopi S. Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of chitosan/gum arabic/polyethylene glycol composite films incorporated with black pepper essential oil and ginger essential oil as potential packaging and wound dressing materials. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2020, 3(4): 485–497

[33] Ahmad N A, Leo C P, Ahmad A L, Ramli W K. Membranes with great hydrophobicity: a review on preparation and characterization. Separation and Purification Reviews, 2015, 44(2): 109–134

[34] Ma J Q, Zhao J H, Ren Z B, Li L. Preparation and characterization of PVDF-PFSA flat sheet ultrafiltration membranes. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2012, 6(3): 301–310

[35] Meng S J, Meng S H, Fan W H, Liang D W, Wang L, Zhang W X, Liu Y. The role of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in membrane fouling: a critical review. Water Research, 2020, 181: 115930

[36] Selakjani P P, Peyravi M, Jahanshahi M, Hoseinpour H, Rad A S, Khalili S. Strengthening of polysulfone membranes using hybrid mixtures of micro-and nano-scale modifiers. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2018, 12(1): 174–183

[37] Cheng X Q, Shao L, Lau C H. High flux polyethylene glycol based nanofiltration membranes for water environmental remediation. Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 476: 95–104

[38] Firouzjaei M D, Seyedpour S F, Aktij S A, Giagnorio M, Bazrafshan N, Mollahosseini A, Samadi F, Ahmadalipour S, Firouzjaei F D, Esfahani M R, . Recent advances in functionalized polymer membranes for biofouling control and mitigation in forward osmosis. Journal of Membrane Science, 2019, 596: 117604

[39] Ismail N H, Salleh W N W, Ismail A F, Hasbullah H, Yusof N, Aziz F, Jaafar J. Hydrophilic polymer-based membrane for oily wastewater treatment: a review. Separation and Purification Technology, 2019, 233: 116007

[40] Achelis T H. Application and modification of polysulfone membranes. Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 2017, 34(5): 657–693

[41] Liu Y, Yue X, Zhang S, Ren J, Yang L, Wang Q, Wang G. Synthesis of sulfonated polyphenylsulfone as candidates for antifouling ultrafiltration membrane. Separation and Purification Technology, 2012, 98: 298–307

[42] Song G, Zhang Y, Wang D, Chen C, Zhou H, Zhao X, Dang G D. Intermolecular interactions of polyimides containing benzimidazole and benzoxazole moieties. Polymer, 2013, 54(9): 2335–2340

[43] Schuster M, Kreuer K D, Andersen H T, Maier J. Sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfone) polymers as hydrolytically and thermooxidatively stable proton conducting ionomers. Macromolecules, 2007, 40(3): 598–607

[44] Hu H, Ding F, Ding H, Liu J, Xiao M, Meng Y, Sun L. Sulfonated poly(fluorenyl ether ketone)/sulfonated α-zirconium phosphate nanocomposite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2020, 3(4): 1–10

[45] Blanco J F, Nguyen Q T, Schaetzel P. Novel hydrophilic membrane materials: sulfonated polyethersulfone Cardo. Journal of Membrane Science, 2001, 186(2): 267–279

[46] Ueda M, Toyota H, Ouchi T, Sugiyama J I, Yonetake K, Masuko T, Teramoto T. Synthesis and characterization of aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s containing pendant sodium sulfonate groups. Journal of Polymer Science. Part A, Polymer Chemistry, 1993, 31(4): 853–858

[47] Padmanaban M, Kakimoto M A, Imai Y. Synthesis and characterization of new photosensitive poly(oxyaryleneoxydisilane)s from 1,2-bis(diethylamino) tetramethyldisilane and various bisphenols. Journal of Polymer Science. Part A, Polymer Chemistry, 1990, 28(11): 2997–3005

[48] Byun I S, Kim I C, Seo J W. Pervaporation behavior of asymmetric sulfonated polysulfones and sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) membranes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2000, 76(6): 787–798

[49] Noshay A, Robeson L M. Sulfonated polysulfone. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2010, 20(7): 1885–1903

[50] Lufrano F, Baglio V, Staiti P, Arico A S, Antonucci V. Polymer electrolytes based on sulfonated polysulfone for direct methanol fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 179(1): 34–41

[51] Mehta R, Manna P, Bhattacharya A. Sulfonated polysulfone-preparative routes and applications in membranes used for pressure driven techniques. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2016, 53(10): 644–650

[52] Li S, Cui Z, Zhang L, He B, Li J. The effect of sulfonated polysulfone on the compatibility and structure of polyethersulfone-based blend membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 2016, 513: 1–11

[53] Fang L F, Yang H Y, Cheng L, Kato N, Jeon S, Takagi R, Matsuyama H. Effect of molecular weight of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) on the mechanical strength and antifouling properties of poly(ether sulfone)/SPES blend membranes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017, 56(39): 11302–11311

[54] Xie Y X, Wang K K, Yu W H, Cui M B, Shen Y J, Wang X Y, Fang L F, Zhu B K. Improved permeability and antifouling properties of polyvinyl chloride ultrafiltration membrane via blending sulfonated polysulfone. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2020, 579: 562–572

[55] Zhang J, Xu Y, Chen S, Li J, Han W, Sun X, Wu D, Hu Z, Wang L. Enhanced antifouling and antibacterial properties of poly(ether sulfone) membrane modified through blending with sulfonated poly(aryl ether sulfone) and copper nanoparticles. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 434: 806–815

[56] Gumbi N N, Hu M, Mamba B B, Li J, Nxumalo E N. Macrovoid-free PES/SPSf/O-MWCNT ultrafiltration membranes with improved mechanical strength, antifouling and antibacterial properties. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 566: 288–300

[57] Zhong L, Ding Z, Li B, Zhang L. Preparation and characterization of polysulfone/sulfonated polysulfone/cellulose nanofibers ternary blend membranes. BioResources, 2015, 10(2): 2936–2948

[58] Sahebi S, Phuntsho S, Woo Y C, Park M J, Tijing L D, Hong S, Shon H K. Effect of sulphonated polyethersulfone substrate for thin film composite forward osmosis membrane. Desalination, 2016, 389: 129–136

[59] Widjojo N, Chung T S, Weber M, Maletzko C, Warzelhan V. A sulfonated polyphenylenesulfone (SPPSU) as the supporting substrate in thin film composite (TFC) membranes with enhanced performance for forward osmosis (FO). Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 220: 15–23

[60] Wang C, Xu Y, Sun S, Zhao C. Post-functionalization of carboxylic polyethersulfone composite membranes. Composites Science and Technology, 2018, 156: 48–60

[61] Wu X, Xie Z, Wang H, Zhao C, Ng D, Zhang K. Improved filtration performance and antifouling properties of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes by blending with carboxylic acid functionalized polysulfone. RSC Advances, 2018, 8(14): 7774–7784

[62] Guiver M D, Croteau S, Hazlett J D, Kutowy O. Synthesis and characterization of carboxylated polysulfones. British Polymer Journal, 1990, 23(1–2): 29–39

[63] Wang D, Li B, Zhao W, Lu Y, Sun S, Zhao C. Protein-grafted carboxylic poly(ether sulfone) membranes: preparation and characterization. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012, 126(4): 1277–1290

[64] Gao B, Qiao Z, Chen T. Structure and photoluminescence property of complexes of aromatic carboxylic acid-functionalized polysulfone with Eu(III) and Tb(III). Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2014, 143(3): 1119–1130

[65] Wang D, Zou W, Li L, Wei Q, Sun S, Zhao C. Preparation and characterization of functional carboxylic polyethersulfone membrane. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 374(1–2): 93–101

[66] Salehi H, Shakeri A, Rastgar M. Carboxylic polyethersulfone: a novel pH-responsive modifier in support layer of forward osmosis membrane. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 548: 641–653

[67] Jo Y J, Choi E Y, Kim S W, Kim C K. Fabrication and characterization of a novel polyethersulfone/aminated polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane assembled with zinc oxide nanoparticles. Polymer, 2016, 87: 290–299

[68] Haider M S, Shao G N, Imran S M, Park S S, Abbas N, Tahir M S, Hussain M, Bae W, Kim H T. Aminated polyethersulfone-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-APES) composite membranes with controlled silver ion release for antibacterial and water treatment applications. Materials Science and Engineering C, 2016, 62: 732–745

[69] Vico S, Palys B, Buess-Herman C. Hydration of a polysulfone anion-exchange membrane studied by vibrational spectroscopy. Langmuir, 2003, 19(8): 3282–3287

[70] Jyothi M S, Nayak V, Padaki M, Geetha Balakrishna R, Soontarapa K. Aminated polysulfone/TiO₂ composite membranes for an effective removal of Cr(VI). Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 283: 1494–1505

[71] Guiver M, Robertson G P, Foley S. Chemical modification of polysulfones II: an efficient method for introducing primary amine groups onto the aromatic chain. Macromolecules, 1995, 28(23): 7612–7621

[72] Sengwa R J, Choudhary S, Dhatarwal P. Investigation of alumina nanofiller impact on the structural and dielectric properties of PEO/PMMA blend matrix-based polymer nanocomposites. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2019, 2(1): 162–175

[73] Kayan A J, Materials H. Inorganic-organic hybrid materials and their adsorbent properties. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2019, 2(1): 34–45

[74] Han D Y, Mei H, Xiao S S, Cheng L F. Macroscopic carbon nanotube assembly/silicon carbide matrix composites produced by gas phase route. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2019, 2(1): 142–150

[75] Pagidi A, Saranya R, Arthanareeswaran G, Ismail A F, Matsuura T. Enhanced oil-water separation using polysulfone membranes modified with polymeric additives. Desalination, 2014, 344: 280–288

[76] Liu B C, Chen C, Zhao P J, Li T, Liu C H, Wang Q Y, Chen Y S, Crittenden J. Thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes with substrate layer composed of polysulfone blended with PEG or polysulfone grafted PEG methyl ether methacrylate. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2016, 10(4): 562–574

[77] Uragami T, Naito Y, Sugihara M J. Studies on synthesis and permeability of special polymer membranes. Polymer Bulletin, 1981, 4(10): 617–622

[78] Eren E, Sarihan A, Eren B, Gumus H, Kocak F O. Preparation, characterization and performance enhancement of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane using PBI as hydrophilic modifier. Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 475: 1–8

[79] Gao F, Zhang G, Zhang Q, Zhan X, Chen F. Improved antifouling properties of poly(ether sulfone) membrane by incorporating the amphiphilic comb copolymer with mixed poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) brushes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015, 54(35): 8789–8800

[80] Mahmoudi E, Ng L Y, Ba-Abbad M M, Mohammad A W. Novel nanohybrid polysulfone membrane embedded with silver nanoparticles on graphene oxide nanoplates. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 277: 1–10

[81] Wu H, Liu Y, Mao L, Jiang C, Ang J, Lu X. Doping polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with TiO₂-PDA nanohybrid for simultaneous self-cleaning and self-protection. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 532: 20–29

[82] Habibi S, Nematollahzadeh A, Mousavi S A. Nano-scale modification of polysulfone membrane matrix and the surface for the separation of chromium ions from water. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 267: 306–316

[83] Jamshidi Gohari R, Korminouri F, Lau W J, Ismail A F, Matsuura T, Chowdhury M N K, Halakoo E, Jamshidi Gohari M S. A novel super-hydrophilic PSf/HAO nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane for efficient separation of oil/water emulsion. Separation and Purification Technology, 2015, 150: 13–20

[84] Abdullah N, Gohari R J, Yusof N, Ismail A F, Juhana J, Lau W J, Matsuura T. Polysulfone/hydrous ferric oxide ultrafiltration mixed matrix membrane: preparation, characterization and its adsorptive removal of lead (II) from aqueous solution. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 289: 28–37

[85] Jamshidi Gohari R, Halakoo E, Lau W J, Kassim M A, Matsuura T, Ismail A F. Novel polyethersulfone (PES)/hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) mixed matrix membranes with improved anti-fouling properties for oily wastewater treatment process. RSC Advances, 2014, 4(34): 17587–17596

[86] Xu Y, Gao X, Wang X, Wang Q, Ji Z, Wang X, Wu T, Gao C. Highly and stably water permeable thin film nanocomposite membranes doped with MIL-101 (Cr) nanoparticles for reverse osmosis application. Materials (Basel), 2016, 9(11): 870

[87] Sun H, Tang B, Wu P. Development of hybrid ultrafiltration membranes with improved water separation properties using modified superhydrophilic metal-organic framework nanoparticles. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(25): 21473–21484

[88] Jiang X, He S, Han G, Long J, Li S, Lau C H, Zhang S, Shao L. Aqueous one-step modulation for synthesizing monodispersed ZIF-8 nanocrystals for mixed-matrix membrane. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(9): 11296–11305

[89] Abdel-Karim A, Leaper S, Alberto M, Vijayaraghavan A, Fan X, Holmes S M, Souaya E R, Badawy M I, Gorgojo P. High flux and fouling resistant flat sheet polyethersulfone membranes incorporated with graphene oxide for ultrafiltration applications. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 334: 789–799

[90] Kumar M, Gholamvand Z, Morrissey A, Nolan K, Ulbricht M, Lawler J. Preparation and characterization of low fouling novel hybrid ultrafiltration membranes based on the blends of GO-TiO₂ nanocomposite and polysulfone for humic acid removal. Journal of Membrane Science, 2016, 506: 38–49

[91] Ganesh B M, Isloor A M, Ismail A F. Enhanced hydrophilicity and salt rejection study of graphene oxide-polysulfone mixed matrix membrane. Desalination, 2013, 313: 199–207

[92] Sianipar M, Kim S H, Min C, Tijing L D, Shon H K. Potential and performance of a polydopamine-coated multiwalled carbon nanotube/polysulfone nanocomposite membrane for ultrafiltration application. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016, 34: 364–373

[93] Vatanpour V, Madaeni S S, Moradian R, Zinadini S, Astinchap B. Fabrication and characterization of novel antifouling nanofiltration membrane prepared from oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyethersulfone nanocomposite. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 375(1–2): 284–294

[94] Lee T H, Lee M Y, Lee H D, Roh J S, Kim H W, Park H B. Highly porous carbon nanotube/polysulfone nanocomposite supports for high-flux polyamide reverse osmosis membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 539: 441–450

[95] Nie C, Yang Y, Peng Z, Cheng C, Ma L, Zhao C. Aramid nanofiber as an emerging nanofibrous modifier to enhance ultrafiltration and biological performances of polymeric membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 528: 251–263

[96] Das T K, Ghosh P, Das N C. Preparation, development, outcomes, and application versatility of carbon fiber-based polymer composites: a review. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2019, 2(2): 214–233

[97] Saba F, Sajjadi S A, Heydari S, Haddad-Sabzevar M, Salehi J, Babayi H. A novel approach to the uniformly distributed carbon nanotubes with intact structure in aluminum matrix composite. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2019, 2(3): 540–548

[98] Singh S P, Li Y, Zhang J, Tour J M, Arnusch C J. Sulfur-doped laser-induced porous graphene derived from polysulfone-class polymers and membranes. ACS Nano, 2018, 12(1): 289–297

[99] Yu L, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Liu J, Zhang H, Song C. Preparation and characterization of HPEI-GO/PES ultrafiltration membrane with antifouling and antibacterial properties. Journal of Membrane Science, 2013, 447: 452–462

[100] Chen Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Wang K. Preparation and antibacterial property of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration hybrid membrane containing halloysite nanotubes loaded with copper ions. Chemical Engineering Journal-Lausanne, 2012, 210(1): 298–308

[101] Miller D, Dreyer D, Bielawski C, Paul D, Freeman B. Surface modification of water purification membranes: a review. Angewandte Chemie, 2016, 56(17): 4662–4711

[102] Kochkodan V M, Sharma V K. Graft polymerization and plasma treatment of polymer membranes for fouling reduction: a review. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 2012, 47(12): 1713–1727

[103] He S, Jiang X, Li S, Ran F, Long J, Shao L. Intermediate thermal manipulation of polymers of intrinsic microporous (PIMs) membranes for gas separations. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2020, 66(10): e16543

[104] Zhang Y Q, Cheng X Q, Jiang X, Urban J J, Lau C H, Liu S, Shao L. Robust natural nanocomposites realizing unprecedented ultrafast precise molecular separations. Materials Today, 2020, 36: 40–47

[105] Wang J, Chen X, Reis R, Chen Z, Milne N, Winther-Jensen B, Kong L, Dumee L F. Plasma modification and synthesis of membrane materials—a mechanistic review. Membranes, 2018, 8(3): 56

[106] Lin Z, Hu C, Wu X, Zhong W, Chen M, Zhang Q, Zhu A, Liu Q. Towards improved antifouling ability and separation performance of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes through poly(ethylenimine) grafting. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 554: 125–133

[107] Gancarz I, Poźniak G, Bryjak M, Frankiewicz A. Modification of polysulfone membranes: plasma grafting and plasma polymerization of acrylic acid. Acta Polymerica, 1999, 50(9): 317–326

[108] Abou Elmaaty T M, Russell S J, Goswami P, Abdeldayem S A, Smith T. A new approach for the functionalisation of polysulfone with β-cyclodextrin. Materials Research Express, 2019, 6(10): 105310

[109] Zheng Z, Wang W, Huang X, Fan W, Li L. Surface modification of polysulfone hollow fiber membrane for extracorporeal membrane oxygenator using low-temperature plasma treatment. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 2018, 15(1): e1700122

[110] Chen S T, Wickramasinghe S R, Qian X. Electrospun weak anion-exchange fibrous membranes for protein purification. Membranes, 2020, 10(3): 39

[111] Wang L, Ma F, Jia J, Lei X, Zhao X, Liu C. Investigation of forward osmosis performance and anti-fouling properties of the novel hydrophilic polymer brush-grafted TFC-type FO membranes. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2019, 94(7): 2198–2211

[112] Yamagishi H, Crivello J V, Belfort G. Development of a novel photochemical technique for modifying poly(aryl sulfone) ultrafiltration membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 1995, 105(3): 237–247

[113] Yamagishi H, Crivello J V, Belfort G. Evaluation of photochemically modified poly(aryl sulfone) ultrafiltration membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 1995, 105(3): 249–259

[114] Pieracci J, Wood D W, Crivello J V, Belfort G. UV-assisted graft polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone onto poly(ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membranes: comparison of dip versus immersion modification techniques. Chemistry of Materials, 2000, 12(8): 2123–2133

[115] Asadollahi M, Bastani D, Mousavi S A, Heydari H, Mousavi D V. Improvement of performance and fouling resistance of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes using acrylamide and TiO₂ nanoparticles under UV irradiation for water desalination. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2020, 137(11): 48461

[116] Zabihi Z, Homayoonfal M, Davar F. Application of UV irradiation enhanced by CuS photosensitive nanoparticles to mitigate polysulfone membrane fouling. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry, 2020, 390(1): 112304

[117] Ran J, Wu L, Zhang Z, Xu T. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): a versatile and forceful tool for functional membranes. Progress in Polymer Science, 2014, 39(1): 124–144

[118] Ma N, Cao J, Li H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Meng J. Surface grafting of zwitterionic and PEGylated cross-linked polymers toward PVDF membranes with ultralow protein adsorption. Polymer, 2019, 167: 1–12

[119] Hester J F, Banerjee P, Won Y Y, Akthakul A, Acar M H, Mayes A M. ATRP of amphiphilic graft copolymers based on PVDF and their use as membrane additives. Macromolecules, 2002, 35(20): 7652–7661

[120] Aktas Eken G, Acar M H. Polysulfone-based amphiphilic copolymers: effect of hydrophilic content on morphology and performance of ultrafiltration membranes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2020, 137(4): 48306

[121] Keating J J IV, Sorci M, Kocsis I, Setaro A, Barboiu M, Underhill P, Belfort G. Atmospheric pressure plasma-ARGET ATRP modification of poly(ether sulfone) membranes: a combination attack. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 546: 151–157

[122] Choi J Y, Yun T, Kwak S Y. Two-step thermoresponsive membrane with tunable separation properties and improved cleaning efficiency. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 554: 117–124

[123] Bai L, Liu Y, Ding A, Ren N, Li G, Liang H. Surface coating of UF membranes to improve antifouling properties: a comparison study between cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Chemosphere, 2019, 217: 76–84

[124] Zhang Y, Guo J, Han G, Bai Y, Ge Q, Ma J, Lau C H, Shao L. Molecularly soldered covalent organic frameworks for ultrafast precision sieving. Science Advances, 2021, 7(13): eabe8706

[125] Yang F, Sadam H, Zhang Y, Xia J, Yang X, Long J, Li S, Shao L. A de novo sacrificial-MOF strategy to construct enhanced-flux nanofiltration membranes for efficient dye removal. Chemical Engineering Science, 2020, 225: 115845

[126] You F, Xu Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Shao L. Bio-inspired Ni²⁺-polyphenol hydrophilic network to achieve unconventional high-flux nanofiltration membranes for environmental remediation. Chemical Communications, 2017, 53(45): 6128–6131

[127] Zhang Y, Ma J, Shao L. Ultra-thin trinity coating enabled by competitive reactions for unparalleled molecular separation. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2020, 8(10): 5078–5085

[128] McCloskey B D, Park H B, Ju H, Rowe B W, Miller D J, Freeman B D. A bioinspired fouling-resistant surface modification for water purification membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 413: 82–90

[129] Sun F, Lu J R, Wang Y H, Xiong J, Gao C J, Xu J. Reductant-assisted polydopamine-modified membranes for efficient water purification. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2021, 15(1): 109–117

[130] Tham H M, Chung T S. One-step cross-linking and tannic acid modification of polyacrylonitrile hollow fibers for organic solvent nanofiltration. Journal of Membrane Science, 2020, 610: 118294

[131] Zhang J L, Yang L B, Wang Z, Yang S G, Li P, Song P, Ban M. A highly permeable loose nanofiltration membrane prepared via layer assembled in-situ mineralization. Journal of Membrane Science, 2019, 587: 117159

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21878062), the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. JQ2020B001) and State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) (Grant No. 2020DX02). Many thanks for the financial support and material supply from Shandong Horan Super Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2021 Higher Education Press