Efficient degradation of orange II by ZnMn₂O₄ in a novel photo-chemical catalysis system

Abstract

A ZnMn₂O₄ catalyst has been synthesized via a sucrose-aided combustion method and characterized by various analytical techniques. It is composed of numerous nanoparticles (15–110 nm) assembled into a porous structure with a specific surface area (SSA) of 19.1 m²·g^–1. Its catalytic activity has been investigated for the degradation of orange II dye using three different systems, i.e., the photocatalysis system with visible light, the chemocatalysis system with bisulfite, and the photo-chemical catalysis system with both visible light and bisulfite. The last system exhibits the maximum degradation efficiency of 90%, much higher than the photocatalysis system (15%) and the chemocatalysis system (67%). The recycling experiments indicate that the ZnMn₂O₄ catalyst has high stability and reusability and is thus a green and eximious catalyst. Furthermore, the potential degradation mechanisms applicable to the three systems are discussed with relevant theoretical analysis and scavenging experiments for radicals. The active species such as Mn(III), O₂^•−, h⁺, e_aq^–, SO₄^•− and HO^• are proposed to be responsible for the excellent degradation results in the photo-chemical catalysis system with the ZnMn₂O₄ catalyst.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

ZnMn₂O₄ / photo-chemical catalysis / bisulfite / dye degradation

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21477009), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. SBK2016021419), “333 project” of Jiangsu Province and the Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources (No. GXTZY201803). One of us (SK) was supported by the College of Agricultural Sciences under Station Research Project No. PEN04566.

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