Plasma-electrochemical synthesis of europium doped cerium oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

In the present study, a plasma-electrochemical method was demonstrated for the synthesis of europium doped ceria nanoparticles. Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O and Eu(NO₃)₃·5H₂O were used as the starting materials and being dissolved in the distilled water as the electrolyte solution. The plasma-liquid interaction process was in-situ investigated by an optical emission spectroscopy, and the obtained products were characterized by complementary analytical methods. Results showed that crystalline cubic CeO₂:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles were successfully obtained, with a particle size in the range from 30 to 60 nm. The crystal structure didn’t change during the calcination at a temperature from 400°C to 1000°C, with the average crystallite size being estimated to be 52 nm at 1000°C. Eu³⁺ ions were shown to be effectively and uniformly doped into the CeO₂ lattices. As a result, the obtained nanophosphors emit apparent red color under the UV irradiation, which can be easily observed by naked eye. The photoluminescence spectrum further proves the downshift behavior of the obtained products, where characteristic ⁵D₀→⁷F_1,2,3 transitions of Eu³⁺ ions had been detected. Due to the simple, flexible and environmental friendly process, this plasma-electrochemical method should have great potential for the synthesis of a series of nanophosphors, especially for bio-application purpose.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

plasma-electrochemical method / europium doped ceria / rare earth nanoparticles / photoluminescence

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Ingeborg Schreur, Paul Bomans, Stefen C. J. Meskers, Tiny Verhoeven and Marco Hendrix from the Materials and Interface Chemistry Section and the Physical Chemistry Section, Eindhoven University of Technology, for technical assistance and helpful discussions. The authors also greatly acknowledge the funding support from Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC).

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