S-enriched porous polymer derived N-doped porous carbons for electrochemical energy storage and conversion

Abstract

Porous polymers have been recently recognized as one of the most important precursors for fabrication of heteroatom-doped porous carbons due to the intrinsic porous structure, easy available heteroatom-containing monomers and versatile polymerization methods. However, the heteroatom elements in as-produced porous carbons are quite relied on monomers. So far, the manipulating of heteroatom in porous polymer derived porous carbons are still very rare and challenge. In this work, a sulfur-enriched porous polymer, which was prepared from a diacetylene-linked porous polymer, was used as precursor to prepare S-doped and/or N-doped porous carbons under nitrogen and/or ammonia atmospheres. Remarkably, S content can sharply decrease from 36.3% to 0.05% after ammonia treatment. The N content and specific surface area of as-fabricated porous carbons can reach up to 1.32% and 1508 m²·g⁻¹, respectively. As the electrode materials for electrical double-layer capacitors, as-fabricated porous carbons exhibit high specific capacitance of up to 431.6 F·g⁻¹ at 5 mV·s⁻¹ and excellent cycling stability of 99.74% capacitance retention after 3000 cycles at 100 mV·s⁻¹. Furthermore, as the electrochemical catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction, as-fabricated porous carbons presented ultralow half-wave-potential of 0.78 V versus RHE. This work not only offers a new strategy for manipulating S and N doping features for the porous carbons derived from S-containing porous polymers, but also paves the way for the structure-performance interrelationship study of heteroatoms co-doped porous carbon for energy applications.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

porous polymers / porous carbons / sulfur and nitrogen doping / supercapacitor

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the financial support from NSFC for Excellent Young Scholars (51722304), NSFC (21720102002, 21574080 and 61306018), Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (15JC1490500, 16JC1400703), Shanghai Pujiang Talent Programme (18PT1406100), and Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials (sklssm201732, Jilin University); State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry (2016-08, Jilin University); State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials (20161803, Xi’an Jiaotong University).

Electronic Supplementary Material

ƒSupplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-018-1727-6 and is accessible for authorized users.

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