Fabrication of MIL-100(Fe)@SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ core-shell microspheres as a magnetically recyclable solid acidic catalyst for the acetalization of benzaldehyde and glycol

Abstract

Heterogeneous catalysts with convenient recyclability and reusability are vitally important to reduce the cost of catalysts as well as to avoid complex separation and recovery operations. In this regard, magnetic MIL-100(Fe)@SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ microspheres with a novel core-shell structure were fabricated by the in-situ self-assembly of a metal-organic MIL-100(Fe) framework around pre-synthesized magnetic SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ particles under relatively mild and environmentally benign conditions. The catalytic activity of the MIL-100(Fe)@SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ catalyst was tested for the liquid-phase acetalization of benzaldehyde and glycol. The MIL-100(Fe)@SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ catalyst has a significant amount of accessible Lewis acid sites and therefore exhibited good acetalization catalytic activity. Moreover, due to its superparamagnetism properties, the heterogeneous MIL-100(Fe)@SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ catalyst can be easily isolated from the reaction system within a few seconds by simply using an external magnet. The catalyst could then be reused at least eight times without significant loss in catalytic efficiency.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

metal-organic frameworks / heterogeneous catalysis / magnetically recoverable catalysts / core-shell structure / acetalization

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21576243) and the Public Project of Zhejiang Province of China (2016C37057).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11705-016-1596-9 and is accessible for authorized users.

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2016 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg