Review of solvent based carbon-dioxide capture technologies

Abstract

Currently, a large proportion of global fossil fuel emissions originate from large point sources such as power generation or industrial processes. This trend is expected to continue until the year 2030 and beyond. Carbon capture and storage (CCS), a straightforward and effective carbon reduction approach, will play a significant role in reducing emissions from these sources into the future if atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions are to be stabilized and global warming limited below a threshold of 2 °C. This review provides an update on the status of large scale integrated CCS technologies using solvent absorption for CO₂ capture and provides an insight into the development of new solvents, including advanced amine solvents, amino acid salts, carbonate systems, aqueous ammonia, immiscible liquids and ionic liquids. These proposed new solvents aim to reduce the overall cost CO₂ capture by improving the CO₂ absorption rate, CO₂ capture capacity, thereby reducing equipment size and decreasing the energy required for solvent regeneration.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

carbon dioxide / carbon capture / solvent absorption / large scale

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Professor Geoff W. Stevens is a Laureate Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at The University of Melbourne and is one of Australia’s leading Engineers. He has published over 380 peer reviewed publications and is recognized internationally for his work in separations technology and the development of novel hydrometallurgical processes and equipment. Geoff is also Director of the Peter Cook Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage Research at the University of Melbourne and a Project Leader in the CRC for Greenhouse Gas Technologies where he runs the Solvent Systems Program.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Australian Government through its Cooperative Research Centre program for this CO2CRC research project, the Peter Cook Centre for CCS Research and the Particulate Fluids Processing Centre.

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