Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of CLA-ethyl ester

Abstract

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction of Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) ethyl ester was investigated at pressures in the range of 9 to 10.5 MPa and temperature gradients ranging from 0°C to 21°C. The content of CLA-ethyl ester in the fraction was analyzed with gas chromatography (GC). The experimental results indicated that the rate of extraction would rise with the increase of pressure when temperature gradient was given. Moreover, the extraction pressure had insignificant influence on the selectivity of CLA-ethyl ester in SC-CO₂. When pressure was fixed, setting certain temperature gradient can improve the selectivity of CLA-ethyl ester in SC-CO₂, and CLA-ethyl ester can be concentrated more effectively than without a temperature gradient. The acid value and peroxide value of the fractions were reduced obviously, compared to the raw material. The optimal condition is pressure at 10 MPa and temperature gradient at 11°C.

Keywords

supercritical carbon dioxide / extraction / CLA-ethyl ester / temperature gradient

References

[1] Pariza M W, Hargraves W A. A beef-derived mutagenesis modulator inhibits initiation of mouse epidermal tumors by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Carcinogenesis, 1985, 6(4): 591-593

[2] Ha Y L, Grimm N K, Pariza M W. Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: heat-altered derivatives of linoleic acid. Carcinogenesis, 1987, 8(12): 1881-1887

[3] Park Y, Albright K J, Storkson J M, Liu W, Cook M E, Pariza M W. Changes in body composition in mice during feeding and withdraw of conjugated linoleic acid. Lipids, 1999, 34(3): 234-248

[4] Chin S F, Liu W, Storkson J M, Ha Y L, Pariza M W. Dietary sources of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid, a newly recognized class of anticarcinogens. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1992, 5(3): 185–197

[5] Collomb M, Schmid, Sieber R, Wechsler D, Ryhänen E-L. Conjugated linoleic acids in milk fat. Variation and physiological effects, 2006, 16: 1347-1361

[6] Chrastil J. Solubility of solids and liquids in supercritical gases. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1982, 86(15): 3016-3021

[7] Rivizi S S H, Daniels J A, Benado A C, Zollweg J A. Supercritical fluid extraction operation principles and food application. Food Technology, 1986, 40: 57-64

[8] Ge Y, Ni Y, Yan H, Chen Y, Cai T. Optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of natural vitamin E from wheat germ using response surface methodology. Journal of Food Science, 2002, 67(1): 239-243

[9] Ibáñez E, Oca A, de Murga G, López-Sebastián S, Tabera 2, Reglero G. Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of different preprocessed rosemary plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1999, 47(4): 1400-1404

[10] Andrich G, Balzini S, Zinnai A, Vitis D, Silverstri V S, Venturi F, FiorentiniR. Supercritical fluid extraction in sunflower seed technology. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2001, 103(3): 151-157

[11] Bulley N R, Fattori M, Meisen A, Moyls L. Supercritical fluid extraction of vegetable oil seeds. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1984, 61(8): 1362-1365

[12] Ill’es V, Szalai M, Then M, Daood H G, Perneczki S. Extraction of hiprose fruit by supercritical CO₂ and propane. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 1997, 10(3): 209-218

[13] Dakovic S, Turkulov J, Dimic E. The quality of vegetable oils got by extraction with CO₂. Fat Science and Technology, 1989, 91: 116-119

[14] Friedrich J P, Pryde E H. Supercritical CO₂ extraction of lipid-bearing materials and characterization of the products. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1984, 61(2): 223-228

[15] Taniguchi M, Tsuji T, Shibata M, Kobayashi T. Extraction of oils from wheat germ with supercritical carbon dioxide. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 1985, 49: 2367-2372

[16] List G R, Friedrich J P. Oxidative stability of seed oils extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1989, 66(1): 98-101

[17] Reverchon E, Taddeo R , Della P G. Extraction of sage essential oil by supercritical CO₂: influence of some process parameters. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 1995, 8(4): 302-309

[18] Fleck U. Fractionation of fatty acid ethyl esters by supercritical CO₂: high separation efficiency using an automated countercurrent column. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 1998, 14(1): 67-74

[19] Dunford N. Pressurized solvent extraction of wheat germ oil. Food Research International, 2003, 36(9-10): 905-909

[20] Gopalakrishnan N. Studies on the storage quality of CO₂-extracted cardamom and clove bud oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1994, 42(3): 796-798

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, and the authors would like to acknowledge their financial support.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg