Polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes: a brief overview

Abstract

Polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes present an interesting approach for improving the physical and chemical, as well as separation properties of polymer membranes, because they possess characteristics of both organic and inorganic membranes such as good permeability, selectivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability and so on. The preparations and structures of polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes and their unique properties are reviewed.

Keywords

polymer / nanoinorganic particles / composite membranes

References

[1] Clarizia G, Algieri C, Drioli E. Filler-polymer combination: a route to modify gas transport properties of a polymeric membrane. Polymer, 2004, 45: 5671-5681

[2] Yang Y N, Wang P. Preparation and characterizations of a new PS/TiO₂ hybrid membranes by sol-gel process. Polymer, 2006, 47: 2683-2688

[3] Guizard C, Bac A, Barboiu M, Hovnanian N. Hybrid organic-inorganic membranes with specific transport properties: applications in separation and sensors technologies. Sep Purif Technol, 2001, 25: 167-180

[4] Lu Z H, Liu G J, Duncan S. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate-co-methyl acrylate)/SiO₂/TiO₂ hybrid membranes. J Membr Sci, 2003, 221: 113-122

[5] Chiang P C, Whang W T, Tsai M H, Wu S C. Physical and mechanical properties of polyimide/titania hybrid films. Thin Solid Films, 2004, 447-448: 359-364

[6] Taniguchi A, Cakmak M. The suppression of strain induced crystallization in PET through submicron TiO₂ particle incorporation. Polymer, 2004, 45: 6647-6654

[7] Peng F, Lu L, Sun H, Wang Y, Wu H, Jiang Z. Correlations between free volume characteristics and pervaporation permeability of novel PVA-GPTMS hybrid membranes. J Membr Sci, 2006, 275: 97-104

[8] Peng F, Lu L, Sun H, Wang Y, Liu J, Jiang Z. Hybrid organic-inorganic membrane: solving the tradeoff between permeability and selectivity. Chem Mater, 2005, 17: 6790-6796

[9] Patel N P, Zielinski J M, Samseth J, Spontak R J. Effects of pressure and nanoparticle functionality on CO₂-selective nanocomposites derived from cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol). Macromol Chem Phys, 2004, 205: 2409-2419

[10] Shekhawat D, Luebke D R, Pennline H W. A review of carbon dioxide selective membranes. US Department of Energy, 2003

[11] Okui T, Saito Y, Okubo T, Sadakata M. Gas permeation of porous organic/inorganic hybrid membranes. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol, 1995, 5: 127-134

[12] Ai X, Hu X. Study on organic-inorganic hybrid membranes. Huaxue Jinzhan, 2003, 16: 654-659(in Chinese)

[13] Genne I, Kuypers S, Leysen R. Effect of the addition of ZrO₂ to polysulfone based UF membranes. J Membr Sci, 1996, 113: 343-350

[14] Wara N M, Francis L F, Velamakanni B V. Addition of alumina to cellulose acetate membranes. J Membr Sci, 1995, 104: 43-49

[15] Stephen R, Ranganathaiah C, Varghese S, Joseph K, Thomas S. Gas transport through nano and micro composites of natural rubber (NR) and their blends with carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) latex membranes. Polymer, 2006, 47: 858-870

[16] Mascia L, Zhang Z, Shaw S J. Carbon fibre composites based on polyimide/silica ceramers: aspects of structure-properties relationship. Composites A,1996, 27: 1211-1221

[17] Shi D, Kong Y, Yang J, Du H. Study on transitional metal organic complex-polyimide hybrid material for gas separation membranes. Acta Polym Sin, 2000, 4: 457-461

[18] Liu H. Synthesis of TiO₂ nanopowder enwrapped by organic membrane with microwave induced plasma method. Huaxue Tongbao, 1997, 10: 44-46

[19] Doucoure A, Guizard C, Durand J, Berjoan R, Cot L. Plasma polymerization of fluorinated monomers on mesoporous silica membranes and application to gas permeation. J Membr Sci, 1996, 117: 143-150

[20] Patel N P, Miller A C, Spontak R J. Highly CO₂-permeable and selective polymer nanocomposite membranes. Adv Mater, 2003, 15: 729-733

[21] Patel N P, Aberg C M, Sanchez A M, Capracotta M D, Martin J D, Spontak R J. Morphological, mechanical and gas-transport characteristics of cross-linked poly(propylene glycol): homopolymers, nanocomposites and blends. Polymer, 2004, 45: 5941-5950

[22] Nunes S P, Peinenmann K V, Ohlorogge K, Alpers A, Keller M, Pires A T N. Membranes of poly(ether imide) and nanodispersed silica. J Membr Sci, 1999, 157: 219-226

[23] Brzesowsky R H, de With G, van den Cruijsem S, Snijkers-Hendrickx I J M, Wolter W A M, van Lierop J G. Glass strengthening by silica particle reinforced organic-inorganic coatings. J Non-Cryst Solids, 1998, 241: 27-37

[24] Livage J, Sanchez C. Sol-gel chemistry. J Non-Cryst Solids, 1992, 145: 11-19

[25] Kioul A, Mascia L. Compatibility of polyimide-silicate ceramers induced by alkoxysilane silane coupling agents. J Non-Cryst Solids, 1994, 175: 169-186

[26] Smaihi M, Jermoumi T, Marignan J, Noble R D. Organic-inorganic gas separation membranes: preparation and characterization. J Membr Sci, 1996, 116: 211-220

[27] Iwata M, Adachi T, Tomidokoro M, Ohta M, Kobayashi T. Hybrid sol-gel membranes of polyacrylonitrile–tetraethoxysilane composites for gas permselectivity. J Appl Polym Sci, 2003, 88: 1752-1759

[28] Gomes D, Nunes S P, Peinemann K V. Membranes for gas separation based on poly(1-trimetylsilyl-1-propyne)-silica nanocomposites. J Membr Sci, 2005, 246: 13-25

[29] Vollenberg P H T, Heikens D. Particle size dependence of the Young's modulus of filled polymers: 1. preliminary experiments. Polymer, 1989, 30: 1656-1662

[30] Chan C M, Wu J, Li J X, Cheung Y K. Polypropylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites. Polymer, 2002, 43: 2981-2992

[31] Shelley J S, Mather P T, DeVries K L. Reinforcement and environmental degradation of nylon-6/clay nanocomposites. Polymer, 2001, 42: 5849-5858

[32] Park C I L, Park O O, Lim J G, Kim H J. The fabrication of syndiotactic polystyrene/organophilic clay nanocomposites and their properties. Polymer, 2001, 42: 7465-7475

[33] Jordan J, Jacob K I, Tannenbaum R, Sharaf M A, Jasiuk I. Experimental trends in polymer nanocomposites—a review. Mat Sci Eng A, 2005, 393: 1-11

[34] Reynaud E, Jouen T, Gautheir C, Vigier G. Nanofillers in polymeric matrix: a study on silica reinforced PA6. Polymer, 2001, 42: 8759-8768

[35] Rong M Z, Zhang M Q, Zheng Y X, Zeng H M, Walter R, Friedrich K. Structure-property relationships of irradiation grafted nano-inorganic particle filled polypropylene composites. Polymer, 2001, 42: 167-183

[36] Sheng N, Boyce M C, Parks D M, Rutledge G C, Abes J I, Cohen R E. Multiscale micromechanical modeling of polymer/clay nanocomposites and the effective clay particle. Polymer, 2004, 45: 487-506

[37] Priya L, Jog J P. Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/clay nanocomposites prepared by melt intercalation: crystallization and dynamic mechanical behavior studies. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys, 2002, 40: 1682-1689

[38] Tortora M, Gorrasi G, Vittoria V, Galli G, Ritrovati S, Chiellini E. Structural characterization and transport properties of organically modified montmorillonite/polyurethane nanocomposites. Polymer, 2002, 43: 6147-6157

[39] Varlot K M, Reynaud E, Vigier G, Varlet J. Mechanical properties of clay-reinforced polyamide. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys, 2002, 40: 272-283

[40] Arocha P U, Mehler C, Puskas J E, Altstat V. Effect of sample thickness on the mechanical properties of injection-molded polyamide-6 and polyamide-6 clay nanocomposites. Polymer, 2003, 44: 2441-2446

[41] Zoppi R A, das Neves S, Nunes S P. Hybrid films of poly(ethylene oxide-b-amide-6) containing sol-gel silicon or titanium oxide as inorganic fillers: effect of morphology and mechanical properties on gas permeability. Polymer, 2000, 41: 5461-5470

[42] Park C I, Choi W M, Kim M H, Park O O. Thermal and mechanical properties of syndiotactic polystyrene/organoclay nanocomposites with different microstructures. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys, 2004, 42: 1685-1693

[43] Gangopadhyay R, De A. Conducting polymer nanocomposites: a brief overview. Chem Mater, 2000, 12: 608-622

[44] Xiao Y C, Wang K Y, Chung T S, Tan J. Evolution of nano-particle distribution during the fabrication of mixed matrix TiO₂-polyimide hollow fiber membranes. Chem Eng Sci, 2006, 61: 6228-6233

[45] Jiang L Y, Chung T S, Cao C, Huang Z, Kulprathipanja S. Fundamental understanding of nano-sized zeolite distribution in the formation of the mixed matrix single- and dual-layer asymmetric hollow fiber membranes. J Membr Sci, 2005, 252: 89-100

[46] Lu Y, Yu S L, Chai B X, Shun X D. Effect of nano-sized Al₂O₃-particle addition on PVDF ultrafiltration membrane performance. J Membr Sci, 2006, 276: 162-167

[47] Li J F, Xu Z L, Yang H, Yu L Y, Liu M. Effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the surface morphology and performance of microporous PES membrane. Appl Surf Sci, 2009, 255(9), 4725-4732

[48] Zulfikar M A, Mohammad A W, Hilal N. Preparation and characterization of novel porous PMMA-SiO₂ hybrid membranes. Desalination, 2006, 192: 262-270

[49] Merkel T C, Freeman B D, Spontak R J, He Z, Pinnau I, Meakin P, Hill A J. Ultrapermeable, reverse-selective nanocomposite membranes. Science, 2002, 296: 519-522

[50] Moaddeb M, Koros W J. Gas transport properties of thin polymeric membranes in the presence of silicon dioxide particles. J Membr Sci, 1997, 125: 143-163

[51] Hibshman C, Cornelius C J, Marand E. The gas separation effects of annealing polyimide-organosilicate hybrid membranes. J Membr Sci, 2003, 211: 25-40

[52] Higuchi A, Agatsuma T, Uemiya S, Kojima T, Mizoguchi K, Pinnau I, Nagai K, Freeman B D. Preparation and gas permeation of immobilized fullerene membranes. J Appl Polym Sci, 2000, 7: 529-537

[53] Merkel T C, He Z, Pinnau I, Freeman B D, Hill A J, Meakin P. Sorption and transport in poly(2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole-cotetrafluoroethylene) containing nanoscale fumed silica. Macromolecules, 2003, 36: 8406-8484

[54] Winberg P, DeSitter K, Dotremont C, Mullens S, Vankelecom I F J, Maurer F H J. Free volume and interstitial mesopores in silica filled poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyen) nanocomposites. Macromolecules, 2005, 38: 3776-3782

[55] Kim J H, Lee Y M. Gas permeation properties of poly(amide-6-b-ethyleneoxide)-silica hybrid membranes. J Membr Sci, 2001, 193: 209-225

[56] Hu Q, Marand E, Dhingra S, Fritsch D, Wen J, Wilkes G. Poly(amideimide)/TiO₂ nano-composite gas separation membranes: fabrication and characterization. J Membr Sci, 1997, 135: 65-79

[57] Cong H L, Radosz M, Towler B F, Shen Y Q. Polymer-inorganic nanocomposite membranes for gas separation. Sep Purif Technol, 2007, 55: 281-291

[58] Lu Y, Yu S L, Chai B X. Preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (pvdf) ultrafiltration membrane modified by nano-sized alumina (Al₂O₃) and its antifouling research. Polymer, 2005, 46: 7701-7706

[59] Yang Y N, Zhang H X, Wang P, Zheng Q Z, Li J. The influence of nano-sized TiO₂ fillers on the morphologies and properties of PSF UF membrane. J Membr Sci, 2007, 288: 231-238

[60] Bae T H, Tak T M. Preparation of TiO₂ self-assembled polymeric nanocomposite membranes and examination of their fouling mitigation effects in a membrane bioreactor system. J Membr Sci, 2005, 266: 1-5

[61] Yuan H K, Xu Z L, Shi J H, Ma X H. Perfluorosulfonic acid-tetraethoxysilane/polyacrylonitrile (PFSA-TEOS/PAN) hollow fiber composite membranes prepared for pervaporation dehydration of ethyl acetate-water solutions. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008, 109: 4025-4035

[62] Lang W Z, Xu Z L, Yang H, Tong W. Preparation and characterization of PVDF-PFSA blend hollow fiber UF membrane. J Membr Sci, 2007, 288: 123-131

[63] Aerts P, Greenberg A R, Leysen R, Krantz W B, Reinsch V E, Jacobs P A. The influence of filler concentration on the compaction and filtration properties of zirfon-composite ultrafiltration membranes. Sep Purif Technol, 2001, 22–23: 663-669

[64] Bottino A, Capannelli G, Asti V D. Preparation and properties of novel organic-inorganic porous membranes. Sep Purif Technol, 2001, 22-23: 269-275

[65] Bottino A, Capannelli G, Comite A. Preparation and characterization of novel porous PVDF-ZrO₂ composite membranes. Desalination, 2002, 146: 35-40

[66] Lin D J, Chang C L, Huang F M, Cheng L P. Effect of salt additive on the formation of microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes by phase inversion from LiClO₄/water/DMF/PVDF system. Polymer, 2003, 44: 413-422

[67] Yang Y N, Wu J, Zheng Q Z, Chen X S, Zhang H X. The research of rheology and thermodynamics of organic-inorganic hybrid membrane during the membrane formation. J Membr Sci, 2008, 311: 200-207

[68] Bottino A, Capannelli G, Comite A. Preparation and characterization of novel porous PVDF-ZrO₂ composite membranes. Desalination, 2002, 146: 35-40

[69] Yang Y N, Wang P, Zheng Q Z. Preparation and properties of polysulfone/TiO₂ composite ultrafiltration membranes. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2006, 44: 879-887

[70] Lee H S, Im S J, Kim J H, Kim H J, Kim J P, Min B R. Polyamide thin-film nanofiltration membranes containing TiO₂ nanoparticles. Desalination, 2008, 219: 48-56

[71] Chang C L, Chang M S. Preparation of multi-layer silicone/PVDF composite membranes for pervaporation of ethanol aqueous solutions. J Membr Sci, 2004, 238: 117-122

[72] Sairam M, Patil M B, Veerapur R S, Patil S A, Aminabhavi T M. Novel dense poly(vinyl alcohol)-TiO₂ mixed matrix membranes for pervaporation separation of water-isopropanol mixtures at 30°C. J Membr Sci, 2006, 281: 95-102

[73] Chen J H, Liu Q L, Fang J, Zhu A M, Zhang Q G. Composite hybrid membrane of chitosan-silica in pervaporation separation of MeOH/DMC mixtures. J Colloid Interf Sci, 2007, 316: 580-588

[74] Veerapur R S, Patil M B, Gudasi K B, Aminabhavi T M. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-zeolite T mixed matrix composite membranes for pervaporation separation of water+ 1,4-dioxane mixtures. Sep Purif Technol. 2008, 58: 377-385

[75] Wang Y B, Yang D, Zheng X H, Jiang Z Y, Li J. Zeolite beta-filled chitosan membrane with low methanol permeability for direct methanol fuel cell. J Power Sources, 2008, 183: 454-463

[76] Navarra M A, Abbati C, Scrosati B. Properties and fuel cell performance of a Nafion-based, sulfated zirconia-added, composite membrane. J Power Sources, 2008, 183: 109-113

[77] Xu T W. Ion exchange membranes: State of their development and perspective. J Membr Sci, 2005, 263: 1-29

[78] Mahendran. Filtration membrane with calcined alpha-alumina particles therein. <patent>United States Patent, US 5914039</patent>

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the National Key Fundamental Research Development Plan (No. 2003CB615705) for giving financial supports in this project.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg