Safeguarding text generation API’s intellectual property through meaning-preserving lexical watermarks

Shiyu ZHU , Yun LI , Xiaoye OUYANG , Xiaocheng HU , Jipeng QIANG

Front. Comput. Sci. ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (6) : 176352

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Front. Comput. Sci. ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (6) : 176352 DOI: 10.1007/s11704-023-3252-0
Artificial Intelligence
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Safeguarding text generation API’s intellectual property through meaning-preserving lexical watermarks

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Shiyu ZHU, Yun LI, Xiaoye OUYANG, Xiaocheng HU, Jipeng QIANG. Safeguarding text generation API’s intellectual property through meaning-preserving lexical watermarks. Front. Comput. Sci., 2023, 17(6): 176352 DOI:10.1007/s11704-023-3252-0

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Chowdhery A, Narang S, Devlin J, Bosma M, Mishra G, . . PaLM: scaling language modeling with pathways. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2023, 24( 240): 1–113

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He X, Xu Q, Lyu L, Wu F, Wang C. Protecting intellectual property of language generation APIs with lexical watermark. In: Proceedings of the 36th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 34th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 12th Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence. 2022, 10758–10766

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He X, Xu Q, Zeng Y, Lyu L, Wu F, Li J, Jia R. CATER: intellectual property protection on text generation APIs via conditional watermarks. In: Proceedings of the 36th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. 2022

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Qiang J, Zhu S, Li Y, Zhu Y, Yuan Y, Wu X. Natural language watermarking via paraphraser-based lexical substitution. Artificial Intelligence, 2023, 317: 103859

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