Cronobacter spp., foodborne pathogens threatening neonates and infants

Abstract

Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) are special foodborne pathogens. Cronobacter infection can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis in all age groups, especially neonates and infants, with a high fatality of up to 80%, although the infection is rare. Outbreaks of Cronobacter infection are epidemiologically proven to be associated with contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). Cronobacter spp. can resist dry environments and survive for a long period in food with low water activity. Therefore, Cronobacter spp. have become serious pathogens of neonates and infants, as well as in the dairy industry. In this review, we present the taxonomy, pathogenesis, resistance, detection and control of Cronobacter spp.

Keywords

Cronobacter spp. / desiccation resistance / pathogen control / pathogen detection / powdered infant formula

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M611478) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Qiming Chen, Yang Zhu, Zhen Qin, Yongjun Qiu, and Liming Zhao declare that they have no conflicts of interest or financial conflicts to disclose.

This article is a review and does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s) 2018. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)