Isolated rat lungs perfused with blood were used to determine the effects of cigarette smoke, delivered into the lung by a ventilator, on the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and on the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), and to explore the role the prostsglandines (PG) and leukotrienes (LT) play in. that effect. The results showed that PVR did not change, while HPV was significantly enhanced by smoking. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of PG biosynthesis, administered in the perfusing blood (20 μg/ml) increased HPV in non-smoking lungs, but not in lungs after smoking. Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC, l mg/ml),an inhibitor of LT biosynthesis, decreased HPV before and after smoking. After perfusion with both indomethacin and DEC, HPV also decreased. It is suggested that LT act as mediators whereas PG as modulators in HPV, and PG and LT might play an important role in the increase of HPV by cigarette smoking.

In this, study, we observed the effect of endotoxemia on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in dogs and explored roles played by prostaglandins and leukotrienes in this process. 5 μg/kg BW of E. coli endotoxin induced transient rise in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). 30 min after injection of endotoxin when PVR tended to decline, pulmonary vasoconstriction response to alveolar hypoxia was lest, and the ratio of TXB₂ to 6-keto-PGF_{1 α} decreased significantly. HPV was enhanced at 60–100 min and then returned to the control level at 2 h after injection of endotoxin. At these periods the ratio of TXB₂ to 6-keto-PGF_{1 α} was the same as before use of endotoxin, whereas plasma concentration of leukotrienes was markedly increased. Indomethacin could prevent the early loss of HPV, but no effect on the late increment of HPV was found. Diethylcarbamazine, which blocked the production of leukotrienes after use of endotoxin, could inhibit late increment of HPV. We concluded that the early loss of HPV was related to the vasodilator prostacyclin, and the late increment of HPV was mainly brought about by leukotrienes.

The changes in small pulmonary arteries of 15 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were investigated by light and electron microscopy, image analysis etc. It was found that the structural changes in the pulmonary arteries of the patients with COPD were characterized by muscularization of non-muscular arterioles, media hypertrophy, longitudinal smooth muscle bundles in the intima and fibrosis in both the media and intima. In the course of time, these lesions resulted in thickening of the arterial wall and narrowing of the lumen. Clinically, the patients developed pulmonary hypertension causing cor pulmonale. Initial data on the structure of arterial wall at different segments were compared statistically. There was very significant difference between the COPD and control groups (P<0.001). By Fisher’s autoclassification (automatic pattern recognition), the rate recognized was correct in more than 90 % in the small arteries of less than 200 μm in diameter. It is suggested that these arteriolar changes are closely related to pulmonary hypertension.

The image analysis showed that the ratios of MWA/MVA and MWT/MD were of great value in evaluating the degree of the changes in the arteries of the patients with COPD.

The effects of decreasing blood viscosity by normovolemic hemodilution with dextran-40 or normal saline (NS) on myocardial lipid peroxides, Superoxide dismutase, infarct size and left ventricular function during acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion were studied in rabbit’s. It was found that normovolemic hemodilution with dextran-40 could decrease the content of ischemic myocardial malondialdehyde and preserve ischemic myocardial superoxide dismutase activity after 1 h of coronary occlusion followed by 1 h of reperfusion. However, after administration of NS only a tendency in this aspect exhibited without statistical significance. Besides, hemodilution with dextran-40 reduced infarct size and improved left ventricular systolic function after 1 h of ischemia followed by 23 h of reperfusion. These results suggest that normovolemic hemodilution with dextran-40 may have anti-injury effect on acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion to a certain degree.

By use of light microscopic immunohistochemical and leetin histochemical methods, the interrelation of galactose-containing glycoprotein (GC-GP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like, leu-enkephalin (L-ENK)-like, and substance P (SP)-like peptides has been evaluated on consecutive sections of dorsal root ganglia from colchicine-treated rats. The results showed that GCGP, CGRP, L-ENK and SP exist simultaneously in individual neurons of the dorsal root ganglia in rats. Almost all small neurons in dorsal root ganglion contained both GCGP and CGRP. The stronger peanut lectin affinity with small neurons, the weaker CGRP immunoreactivity, and vice versa. Some neurons of medium size were of strong CGRP-like immunoreactivity; however, they lacked in affinity with peanut lectin. The large spinal ganglionic cells rarely showed CGRP immunoreactivity and affinity with peanut leetin. The results suggested that there was a negative interrelation between GCGP and CGRP in small primary sensory neurons. From the above it may be suggested that the GCGP plays an important role in recognizing and transmitting information in primary sensory neurons.

The interference of Cyclosporin A (CyA) with peripheral lymphocytes DNA synthesis was investigated. The results showed that the drug could strongly inhibit T cell proliferation in response to PHA stimulation if added at the start or at the early phase of the process, and it failed to do so if added 48 h later when most cells had already started to proliferate. Without PHA, no obvious differences were detected between normal control and CyAtreated cells. A comparison was made between T cell DNA synthesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy volunteers and renal transplant patients. It was found that T-cell DNA synthesis of patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy controls. From the above it may be suggested that CyA activity on T cell proliferation is similar in vivo and in vitro.

To explore HBV infection status in a group of serologic HBV markers-negative or HBsAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis, in situ hybridization to hepatccellular HBVDNA was carried out in combination with detection of HBsAg and HBcAg in the liver tissues. It was found that prevalence of intrahepatic HBVDNA, HBsAg and HBcAg was 43 %, 39 % and 17 % respectively, and 15 out of 23 cases studied were sure to bear one or more positive marker (s) of intrahepatic HBVDNA, HBsAg and HBcAg. These findings suggest that more than half of the patients with chronic hepatitis were still undergoing HBV infection, despite serologic HBV markers or HBsAg negative. Furthermore, we found that hepatocytes containing HBV-DNA or surface or core antigen were often close to hepatic necrosis foci, indicating that HBV replication and its antigen(s) expression in hepatocytes could account for chronic, active and necrotic inflammation occurring in the liver of the patients mentioned above.

Estrogen and progesterone receptors were determined in 56 cases of primary cervical carcinoma tissue by histochemical methods. 42.86 % of the 56 cases were ER positive and 46.43 % PR positive. Nd correlation was found between ER and PR status and age, menopausal status of the patient and clinical stage. Adenocarcinoma had significantly higher ER and PR positive rate than squamous carcinoma. Highly differentiated carcinoma had higher ER and PR positive rate than middle- and dedifferentiated carcinoma. A positive correlation between ER and PR and cellular infiltration of stroma and peritumoral reaction of fibrin was found. The patients with ER and PR positive had a significantly higher 5-year survival. ER and PR may be used as prognostic factors in cervical carcinoma.

We demonstrated the constitutive polypeptides (PP) of Dane particles employing Western Blot and investigated the antibody response ability of HBV infected subjects to PreSl PP in comparison with other serum markers from HBV infected individuals. The results indicated that 1) the major reason for discrepant results may be related to the detergents used in the sample solutions and the degree of denaturation the samples had undergone;. 2) there are 12 bands in the PAGE-graph of Dane particles. By Western Blot it was confirmed that 5 PP (P24, P27, P36, P39, P42) are derived from S-open reading frame (S-ORF), P21 is associated with C-ORF, P24-25 possesses some epitopes of Pol protein, and P45 and P76 express similar epitopes to human IgG and IgMi and 3) the prevalence of anti-PreS1 PP was 17.24 % in the group of healthy persons following latent HBV infection, much higher than that of HBV infected patients (1.21 %). The above findings imply that antibody response ability of the host to PreS1 PP is attributing to the outcome of HBV infection. It may play an important role in the elimination of the virus.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sympathetic nerve and adrenal gland in the changes in hemodynamics and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) induced by cigarette smoking in Wistar rats. Data showed that an increment of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) induced by alveolar hypoxia was partially prevented by prazosin (α₁-receptor blocker) and prazosin combined with propranolol (β-receptor blocker), but not significantly affected by propranolol or adrenalectomy. Cigarette smoking tould increase PVR and potentiate HPV, whereas the potentiation of HPV was partially inhibited by prazosin and strengthened by propranolol, but not affected by adrenalectomy. It is suggested that the sympathetic nerve excitation caused by cigarette smoking may play a role in the strengthening of HPV.

The effects of selenium on T lymphocyte proliferation and its mechanisms have been investigated. The results showed that selenium is able to enhance lectin-stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation, to increase the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by lymphocytes and interleukin 1 (IL-l) by macrophages in the presence of lectin and to augment the response of T lymphoblasts to IL-2 and that of thymocytes to IL-1. The data presented suggest that selenium may be an important modulator for immune response. Selenium might enhance IL-2 production and response through the augmentation of IL-1 production and response, thereby promoting the enhancement of the proliferation and action of T lymphocytes and other immunocompetent cells. Based on these results, we may consider using selenium as an immunological enhancement agent to enhance or recover immune functions of the organism.

From January 1963 to December 1989, 1585 consecutive cases of retinal detachment were operated with homologous skin as buckling material, the rate of operative success being 91.6 %. Human skin is easy to obtain, sterilize and preserve, because of its appropriate thickness and firm but elastic consistency it satisfactorily meets the need to produce sufficient height and to maintain necessary duration of the scierai buckling, in addition to a high rate of reattachment, homologous skin implantation was well tolerated, very rarely rejected (0.06 %) and infected (0.25 %), and no late complications occurred. Therefore, the authors prefer using human skin as buckling agent rather than conventional synthetic material, e.g., silicon sponge etc.