ELISA double antibodies additivity test was employed to identify the epitopes which can be recognized by monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against IgM of a patient with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). The computer grouping programme analysis showed that 4 anti-isotype McAbs could be divided into two groups and 10 anti-idiotype McAbs could be divided into four groups. The result was consistent with that of the indirect ELISA, ELISA sandwich as well as ELISA inhibition test. The above findings suggested that there are at least 6 distinct IgM epitopes which can specifically react with 14 McAbs. Our study indicated that the combination of the ELISA additivity test and the computer grouping programme analysis provides a helpful tool for researches into the relationship between the structure and function of antigens.

The function of spontaneous T suppressor cell (STs) of peripheral blood was examined in 56 patients with schistosomiasis japonica at various stages. The subsets of T cell were simultaneously phenotyped in 46 cases. The percentages of CD₃⁺(pan T cell), CD₄⁺ (helper/inducer T cell) and CD₈⁺ (suppressor/cytotoxic T cell) in patients with acute schistosomiasis japonica were significantly higher than those in the normal controls. In patients with chronic and advanced schistosomiasis japonica, the percentage of CD₈⁺ T cell and the function of STs were greatly increased, but the percentage of CD₃⁺ T cell and the ratio of CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ were obviously reduced. All of these markers changed more significantly in patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica. The percentage of CD₈⁺ T cell in patients with acute schistosomiasis japonica was negatively correlated with the function of STs. In patients with chronic and advanced schistosomiasis japonica the percentage of CD₈⁺ T cell was correlated positively and the ratio of CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ negatively with the function of STs. The results indicated that the cellular immunity was significantly increased in cases of acute schistosomiasis japonica and decreased in those with chronic or advanced schistosomiasis japonica. The increased CD₈⁺ T cell may be principally cytotoxic T cells in patients with acute schistosomiasis japonica, but suppressor T cells in patients with chronic and advanced schistosomiasis japonica. The subsets of T cells and the function of T suppressor cells may play an important role in the immunoregulation of schistosomiasis japonica.

In liver biopsies from 21 patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 69 patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica, and 25 patients with HCC, HBsAg and HBcAg were investigated with peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The positive rate of HBAg (i.e. HBsAg and/or HBcAg) in the liver of patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by HCC was significantly higher than in the group of advanced schistosomiasis japonica, but similar to that in cases of HCC. The location of carcinoma cells in the liver was not related to the distribution of schistosomial ova in patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by HCC. The results indicated that the complication with hepatitis B virus infection may be one of the major factors involved in the development of HCC in patients with schistosomiasis japonica.

In this study we used an experimental model produced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats to demonstrate relation between immune function and susceptibility to infection associated with obstructive jaundice and immunoregulatory effect of arginine in BDL rats. Our experimental results showed that thymus weight, content of lymphocytes in thymus and responsiveness to Con A in vitro were dramatically reduced in BDL rats as compared to rats with sham operation and that the impairment of lymphocyte function was significantly related to the susceptibility to infection. Arginine, as a T cell stimulator, markedly improved immune function and decreased susceptibility to infection of BDL rats.

Efficacy of the conjugate anti-AFF-F(ab)’2 with adriamycin, anti-AFP-F(ab)’2-adr, against transplantable tumors was studied in mice. The results showed that LD₅₀ of anti-AFP-F(ab)’2-adr in mice was 7.43 mg/kg and that anti-AFP-F(ab)’2-adr in a dose of 1/10 ™ 1/5 LD₅₀ could inhibit the growth of transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, anti-AFP-F(ab)’2-adr with local application of AFP could markedly inhibit the growth of transplanted Ehrlich ascites cancer. From the above it is suggested that anti-AFP-F(ab)’2-adr can be used to treat hepatic carcinoma with satisfactory results.

From 1980 to 1990 we treated 100 cases of AMI with i.v. urokinase (UK). According to the way of management and the dosage administered all these cases were divided into three groups: first stage of small dosage, second stage of trial big dosage, and third stage of comprehensive dosage. 36 patients of the first stage were treated with small dosage, 1–20000 U b.i.d. for 1 week. 75 % of the UK-treated and only 17 % of the control group obtained relief of pain. Decrease of elevated ST reaching base line was 50 vs 8 %, and FDP increased in 94 %. 22 patients of the second stage were undergoing trial of big dosage. They were subdivided into larger dosage (more than 800000 U) and smaller dosage (less than 300000 U) groups. From the larger dosage group, 2 patients showed definite sign of recanalization, but unexpectedly 2 patients died of cardiac rupture. Since the recanalization rate of larger dosage group was 42.9 %, but no case showed sign of recanalization in smaller dosage group, we are of the opinion that the dose of 800000 U is rational for patients with symptoms’ onset less than 3 h. Cardiac rupture was thought to be mostly due to reperfusion injury. Thus we designed the third stage of comprehensive dosage of UK. In this stage we used different dosage of UK and different ways of administration in 52 patients, based on the different symptoms’ onset, so as to bring the effect of UK in full play. The aim of using UK is chiefly fibrinolysis as well as improvement of blood viscosity. In this stage the beneficial effects of UK may be achieved in different ways. Relief of pain and dropping down of ST segment were significantly prominent in all three groups in comparison with the control group, but there was no significant difference between the 3 stages.

By random screening test, Marsdenia koi was found to have antifertility activity on SD rat. From MeOH extracts of this plant two steroidal glycosides, marsdekoiside A and B, were isolated, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence and by comparison of the hydrolysis products with the authentic samples. Both are newly identified compounds, and marsdekoiside A has good antifertility activity.

In this study we allowed the sutured chicken flexor tendons to glide back into the uninjured sheaths in order to keep the healing process of flexor tendon from being affected by the healing of surrounding wounded tissues. By observing 12 chickens, 72 digits, with light microscope and transmission electron microscope, it was found that the visceral and parietal synovium of the sheath were the regions with earliest and most active cell proliferation and the major source of repairing cells during the healing process of the flexor tendon. Tendon cells had the ability of intrinsic healing, but delayed as compared to synovium cells. Adhesion between intact parietal synovium and healing tendon and its surrounding tissue could not be avoided.

The hemodynamic effects of high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) at three different rates (60, 100, 200/min) and at rate 200/min combined with jet sighs 12/min (HFJV-200+12S) during two degrees of hemorrhagic hypovolemia were investigated in dogs. Also, the results were compared with those of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Two degrees of hypovolemia were produced by bleeding dogs until mean arterial pressure was 25 % or 50 % lower than basic value respectively. At both periods of hypovolemia, HFJV at rate 60 or 100 were found to have better hemodynamic effects than IPPV due to their lower airway pressures. However, HFJV at rate 200 or HFJV-200+12S did not demonstrate the same superiority because of their higher airway pressure, the latter even represented a tendency of worse hemodynamic effect than IPPV. The best cardiovascular effect was seen during HFJV at rate 100. Our study indicated that the hemodynamic effect of HFJV better than that of IPPV during acute hypovolemia can be seen only when proper ventilatory settings are chosen. Jet sighs at 12/min added to usual HFJV are not beneficial to circulatory function. It is recommended that HFJV at a rate below 200/min without jet sighs be used in patients who need respiratory support during acute hypovolemia or shock.

The rat liver microsomal glutathione transferase was activated by N-ethylmaleimide, solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite and CM Sephadex C-50. A 28-fold purification resulted in a 38 % yield. The purified protein moved as a band with an apparent molecular weight of 14000 on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and appeared to be nearly homogeneous. The N-terminal amino acid of the purified enzyme was alanine, identified by the dansyl method. Optimum pH and temperature were 6.8 and 30°C, respectively.

In this study, wastewater samples from three industrial wastewater channels and 12 related factories were collected. Nonvolatile organic chemicals were concentrated on H-103 resin and analysed by GC/MS/DS techniques. The mutagenicity of organic extracts from the samples was examined by using S. typhimurium assay (Ames test). The results of both Ames test and chemical analysis showed that the mutagenic compounds in the Loujia Channel mainly come from Dyestuff Factory, and that Pharmaceutical Factory is a main pollution source of mutagenic compounds for the Xindun Channel. Our experimental results also showed that it is necessary to examine the mutagenicity of industrial wastewater by using short term bioassay for evaluating long-term effect of industrial wastewater on human health.

Sepsis is a common and occasionally lethal complication of obstructive jaundice. The reasons for the increased susceptibility to infection are not fully understood. This study was conducted to examine lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cells of patients with obstructive jaundice in perioperative period. In these patients, when compared with normal controls, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of Leu 4 (pan T lymphocytes), Leu 3a (T helper cells) and Leu 7 (natural killer cells) before operation, and the immune suppression induced by surgical operation was more marked and persistent.